30 Questions
Which of the following is true about plasma binding in neonates?
Plasma binding is reduced in neonates.
Which of the following drugs may cause conjugation deficiency in some neonates?
Chloramphenicol
How are all aspects of renal function at birth?
All aspects of renal function are reduced at birth.
Which of the following is true about drugs in breast milk?
A number of drugs are absolutely contraindicated while the mother is breastfeeding.
What is the first sign of drug hypersensitivity in some cases?
Pruritus
Which of the following is the most common type of drug-induced skin reaction?
Erythematous eruptions
What is another term for 'hives' or 'nettle rash'?
Urticaria
What is the life-threatening reaction characterized by hypotension, urticaria, and erythema of the face and neck?
Anaphylactic shock
What substances are released during anaphylactic shock?
Histamine
How should anaphylactic shock be treated?
Adrenaline, chlorpheniramine, corticosteroids
Which of the following is a key objective of this lecture?
To identify adverse drug reactions
What is the relationship between drug dose and harmful effects?
The relationship between drug dose and harmful effects depends on the specific drug
What is the purpose of post-marketing surveillance?
To gather comprehensive safety data about a drug
Which of the following is a method of pharmacovigilance?
Spontaneous adverse event reporting cards
What is the significance of the quote 'All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy'?
It explains the concept of dose-response relationship
Why is post-marketing data important for drug safety?
It provides comprehensive safety data about a drug
What is the purpose of meta-analyses in pharmacovigilance?
To gather comprehensive safety data about a drug
What is the role of MEDWatch in pharmacovigilance?
To report spontaneous adverse events
Why are pre-marketing trials often not representative of the general patient population?
They have stringent inclusion/exclusion criteria
What is the main focus of clinical trials?
Assessing therapeutic effects
Which of the following is a characteristic of Type A adverse drug reactions?
They are dose-related.
What is the main purpose of randomized controlled trials?
To compare the efficacy of different drugs.
What is the FDA category for a drug that has no evidence of risk in humans but positive findings in animal studies?
Category B
What is the number needed to treat (NNT)?
The number of patients who need to be treated to show a given effect.
Which drug was voluntarily withdrawn from the market in 2001 due to severe adverse muscle reactions and death?
Cerustatin (Baycol)
What is the main purpose of case-control studies?
To determine the association between an adverse drug reaction and drug exposure.
What is the main purpose of Phase IV intervention studies?
To assess the safety of a drug.
What is the main purpose of data bank comparisons?
To compare the efficacy of different drugs.
What is the main purpose of LD50/ED50 ratio?
To determine the therapeutic index of a drug.
What is the main purpose of teratogenic risk minimization strategies?
To minimize the risk of birth defects caused by drug exposure during pregnancy.
Test your knowledge on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and drug poisoning. Identify important ADRs and examples of drugs that cause them.
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