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Match the terms
Match the terms
pharmacogenomics = a field of study that defines the hereditary basis of individual differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (the ADME processes). adverse drug reaction (ADR) = an unintended side effect of a medication that is negative or in some way injurious to a patient's health. anaphylactic shock = a potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction producing severe respiratory distress and cardiovascular collapse drug resistance = the reduction of effectiveness in a drug such as an antibiotic or antineoplastic
Match the terms
Match the terms
idiosyncrasy = an unexpected reaction the first time a drug is taken, generally due to genetic causes acute viral hepatitis = an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by viruses cirrhosis = a chronic liver disease causing loss of function hyperthyroidism = a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are above normal, often referred to as an overactive thyroid
Match the terms
Match the terms
obstructive jaundice = an obstruction of the bile duct that causes hepatic waste products and bile to accumulate in the liver hypothyroidism = a condition in which thyroid hormone secretions are below normal, often referred to as an underactive thyroid complexation = when two different molecules associate or attach to each other displacement = a drug that is bound to a plasma protein is removed when another drug of greater binding potential binds to the same protein
Match the terms
Match the terms
Match the terms
Match the terms
Neonates' abilities to metabolize and excrete drugs differ from adults in what manner?
Neonates' abilities to metabolize and excrete drugs differ from adults in what manner?
Adults experience
Adults experience
It has been estimated that _______ of changes in drug disposition is due to genetics alone
It has been estimated that _______ of changes in drug disposition is due to genetics alone
Adults that have greater than ____ body fat have significant changes in drug distribution and renal excretion.
Adults that have greater than ____ body fat have significant changes in drug distribution and renal excretion.
Agitation, delirium, and hallucinations are examples of adverse drug reactions (ADR) that occur in the
Agitation, delirium, and hallucinations are examples of adverse drug reactions (ADR) that occur in the
Anaphylactic shock usually occurs within
Anaphylactic shock usually occurs within
When hepatic function is decreased by a hepatic disease, it is expected that
When hepatic function is decreased by a hepatic disease, it is expected that
In end-stage renal disease, ______ levels increase and ______ levels decrease
In end-stage renal disease, ______ levels increase and ______ levels decrease
Decreased blood circulation can affect drug metabolism by
Decreased blood circulation can affect drug metabolism by
Ciprofloxacin bioavailability can be reduced when given with calcium, magnesium, and aluminum ion-containing drugs. What type of drug-drug interaction is this
Ciprofloxacin bioavailability can be reduced when given with calcium, magnesium, and aluminum ion-containing drugs. What type of drug-drug interaction is this
If a drug is ______ plasma protein bound, a displacement interaction will probably be significant
If a drug is ______ plasma protein bound, a displacement interaction will probably be significant
The renal excretion of a drug is a combination of
The renal excretion of a drug is a combination of
When two drugs with similar pharmacological actions produce an effect greater than the sum of the individual effects, the interaction is called
When two drugs with similar pharmacological actions produce an effect greater than the sum of the individual effects, the interaction is called
Which effect will the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract have on drug absorption?
Which effect will the presence of food in the gastrointestinal tract have on drug absorption?
Drug-diet interactions that alter drug absorption can be minimized by separating the administration of the drug and food intake by
Drug-diet interactions that alter drug absorption can be minimized by separating the administration of the drug and food intake by
A drug idiosyncrasy is a/an
A drug idiosyncrasy is a/an
When a drug cannot be mixed into a solution due to physical or chemical interactions, this known as
When a drug cannot be mixed into a solution due to physical or chemical interactions, this known as
_______ describes a decrease in a given drug's effect from continued use
_______ describes a decrease in a given drug's effect from continued use
Which of the following is a factor that does not influence human variability and differences in response to medications
Which of the following is a factor that does not influence human variability and differences in response to medications
The terms cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, and acute viral hepatitis describe disease conditions in which organ system
The terms cirrhosis, obstructive jaundice, and acute viral hepatitis describe disease conditions in which organ system
Which of the following are adverse drug reactions?
Which of the following are adverse drug reactions?
_______ occurs when a drug with no inherent activity increases the activity of another drug that produces an effect
_______ occurs when a drug with no inherent activity increases the activity of another drug that produces an effect
What would you recommend a patient do if they are taking medication that has a drug-food interaction?
What would you recommend a patient do if they are taking medication that has a drug-food interaction?
An antidote is a drug that
An antidote is a drug that
Physiological changes in pregnancy tend to increase the rate of absorption of drugs
Physiological changes in pregnancy tend to increase the rate of absorption of drugs
Adults experience a decrease in many physical functions between the ages of 30-70 years
Adults experience a decrease in many physical functions between the ages of 30-70 years
Lower cardiac output in the elderly tends to slow the distribution of drugs
Lower cardiac output in the elderly tends to slow the distribution of drugs
Foods containing tyramine, such as aged cheeses, may produce dangerous interactions with some medications
Foods containing tyramine, such as aged cheeses, may produce dangerous interactions with some medications
Ibuprofen can cause nephrotoxicity
Ibuprofen can cause nephrotoxicity
The activity of metabolizing enzymes in the liver is reduced in hypothyroidism
The activity of metabolizing enzymes in the liver is reduced in hypothyroidism
Some anticancer drugs are considered carcinogenic
Some anticancer drugs are considered carcinogenic
Iron salts form nonabsorbable complexes with tetracycline
Iron salts form nonabsorbable complexes with tetracycline
Phenobarbital is an example of an enzyme inducer
Phenobarbital is an example of an enzyme inducer
Eating too much spinach can cause problems for patients who are taking some types of anticoagulants
Eating too much spinach can cause problems for patients who are taking some types of anticoagulants
A potentially fatal allergic reaction is called
A potentially fatal allergic reaction is called
Placebo effects can be due to
Placebo effects can be due to
______ has decreased elimination in cirrhosis
______ has decreased elimination in cirrhosis
Hypersensitivity generally happens because a patient develops
Hypersensitivity generally happens because a patient develops
Hepatotoxicity is associated with the
Hepatotoxicity is associated with the
Unpleasant physical symptoms when someone's drugs are discontinued are called
Unpleasant physical symptoms when someone's drugs are discontinued are called
Antineoplastics can cause bone marrow suppression, and this is an example of
Antineoplastics can cause bone marrow suppression, and this is an example of
The ability of a substance to cause abnormal fetal development when given to pregnant women is called
The ability of a substance to cause abnormal fetal development when given to pregnant women is called
Drugs that increase the activity of metabolizing enzymes in the liver cause
Drugs that increase the activity of metabolizing enzymes in the liver cause
A drug given to block or reduce the toxic effects of another drug is called a(n)
A drug given to block or reduce the toxic effects of another drug is called a(n)
Increased protein in the diet appears to
Increased protein in the diet appears to
Eating aged cheeses is especially dangerous when taking
Eating aged cheeses is especially dangerous when taking
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