Adult Final Review on Cardiovascular Changes
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Questions and Answers

Which change in lung function is associated with aging?

  • Flattening of the diaphragm (correct)
  • Increased flexibility of the thorax
  • Thickening of lung tissue
  • Improved gas exchange efficiency

    • What does functional performance threshold define?

  • The maximum strength an individual can exert in a single lift
  • The minimum level of ability to perform ADLs for independent living (correct)
  • The upper limit of physical capacity for any adult
  • The average capacity of older adults to perform physical tasks

    • What can cause an individual to fall below their functional performance threshold?

  • Age-related structural changes and health conditions (correct)
  • Improved mobility and strength
  • Enhanced sensory function
  • Increased physical activity levels

    • Which of the following describes functional capacity?

    <p>The maximum ability to perform daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of change occurs in the cardiovascular system with aging?

    <p>Decreased elasticity in blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people aged 85 and above are affected by age-related vision problems?

    <p>30%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a lower functional capacity indicate for an older adult?

    <p>An inability to meet minimum self-care criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is low vision defined?

    <p>Significant visual loss uncorrectable by medical means</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential effect of an inability to perform self-care tasks?

    <p>Increased loneliness and social isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leisure activity is considered passive?

    <p>Reading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect of well-being is most directly associated with leisure activities?

    <p>Enhanced psychological well-being</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the community recommendations for older adults' transportation?

    <p>To create senior-friendly transportation programs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'flow' in leisure refer to?

    <p>A state of complete absorption and enjoyment in an activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of leisure activity?

    <p>Commuting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did older adults adapt their daily activities during the confinement period, according to the study?

    <p>They adapted their activities despite some disruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change in taste and smell typically begins to be noticeable around the ages of 65 to 70?

    <p>Decline in the number of odor receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the value of leisure?

    <p>It contributes to a sense of purpose and identity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the framework of 'doing, being, becoming, and belonging' focus on during confinement?

    <p>The emotional and social experiences of older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is often compromised by health issues in older adults?

    <p>Identity and socialization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by severe loss of bone mass and is often associated with aging?

    <p>Osteoporosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant theme identified regarding the sense of belonging during the pandemic?

    <p>Social isolation due to restrictions on physical interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement relates to the concept of personal care?

    <p>It can enhance one’s self-esteem and perception of life situations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What priority did the study assign to the needs of older adults regarding transportation?

    <p>Prioritizing the preferences and needs of older adults</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of decreased muscle strength and power in older adults?

    <p>Changes in postural alignment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which model does NOT relate to understanding performance for self-care activities?

    <p>TPR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What coping mechanism did some older adults develop during the pandemic according to the findings?

    <p>Learning new skills or interests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What implication of effective transportation transitions is emphasized for older clients?

    <p>Maintaining independence and reducing social isolation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT typically considered when assessing everyday competence?

    <p>Educational background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a challenge older adults faced during the confinement period?

    <p>Feelings of boredom due to routine disruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary age when bone mass typically peaks?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does decreased proprioception affect older adults?

    <p>Worsened balance and coordination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about self-care is correct?

    <p>Self-care encompasses a wide range of duties from personal to community involvement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is identified as a crucial factor in building resilience in older adults?

    <p>Physical activity maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway for resilience involves returning to baseline functioning after a setback?

    <p>Recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do older adults typically cope with challenges according to the content provided?

    <p>By reframing their perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do meaningful activities have in the context of resilience for older adults?

    <p>They significantly contribute to a sense of purpose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is emphasized as a major strategy for promoting resilience in older adults?

    <p>Strengthening community ties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the implications for promoting resilience in older adults?

    <p>Empower individuals by addressing emotional and social needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does public transportation have on community engagement for older adults?

    <p>It enhances participation in daily activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of sustainability refer to in terms of resilience?

    <p>Maintaining well-being amid challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is transportation considered vital for older adults?

    <p>It is essential for maintaining independence and accessing basic needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the challenges faced by older adults in transportation transitions?

    <p>Lack of support from community resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can occupational therapists assist older adults during transportation transitions?

    <p>By educating clients about alternative transportation options.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What emotional challenges might older adults face when transitioning away from driving?

    <p>Feelings of isolation and diminished self-worth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proactive measures do the authors suggest for future-proofing transportation needs for older adults?

    <p>Advocating for investments in age-friendly transportation systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What types of skills might occupational therapists teach older adults regarding new transportation methods?

    <p>How to effectively use public transit and ride-sharing apps.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is NOT mentioned as a reason for older adults to feel frustrated during transportation changes?

    <p>Increased social activities available.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to have early discussions about alternatives to driving?

    <p>To ensure that older adults have options when they can no longer drive safely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Adult Final Review

    • Cardiovascular Changes:

      • Lung tissue changes include a flattening diaphragm, less flexible thorax, and decreased gas exchange efficiency.
      • Heart changes include irregular conduction, less efficient pumping, reduced elasticity in blood vessels, and decreased venous system contractile ability.

    • Functional Performance Threshold:

      • Definition: The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) to maintain personal care and independent living. It's the upper limit of sustained performance in a specific activity.
      • Functional Capacity: An individual's maximum ability to perform daily activities. Older adults lose capacity reserves.
      • Threshold: If physical decline results in functional capacity below the threshold, meeting minimum criteria for self-care and independent living is impossible. This can be due to age-related changes, restricted mobility, or debilitating health conditions.
      • Example functional capacity: Maximum weight lift in a single lift.
      • Example functional performance threshold: Maximum weight a person can consistently lift for a sustained period during work.

    Sensory Function

    • Low Vision:

      • Definition: A significant visual loss that's uncorrectable by medical treatment or corrective lenses.
      • Affects 18% of the older population, and 30% of those over 85 experience age-related vision problems.
      • Age-related changes include support structure changes.

    • Additional Findings:

      • Loss of subcutaneous fat leads to reduced tone and elasticity in the body.
      • Dry eyes, poor coordination, and difficulty focusing are potential issues.
      • The cornea flattens, and the lens thickens, increasing density and rigidity, which impairs far and color vision.
      • Other visual pathway issues, such as cataracts, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and glaucoma, result in decreased visual acuity, blurry vision, and altered color perception.
      • Specific risk factors for AMD include being Caucasian and smoking.

    • Hearing Loss:

      • Hearing loss is from damage to the blood vessels of the retina.
      • Common types of hearing loss, including conductive, sensorineural, tinnitus, and presbycusis.

    Other

    • Taste and Smell Loss: Declines noticeably in individuals aged 65-70 due to reduced salivary secretion, fewer taste buds, and fewer odor receptors.
    • Neuromusculoskeletal Function: Age-related decline involves decreased muscle strength and power, loss of muscle mass, and a reduced number of functional motor units.
    • Bone Changes: Bone and cartilage changes, along with balance and gait difficulties. There's decreased max speed in movement, increased threshold for vibration sensation, and proprioception decline. Calcium loss is a primary concern affecting bone density. Bone mass typically peaks around age 30 and gradually declines after that. Common bone diseases include Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis.
    • Active Aging:
      • Definition: Duties and tasks, personal care, business, and self-care (IADL).
      • Conceptual Models include EHP, ICF, PEOP & PEO.
      • Activities depend on everyday competence, values, and personal meaning, influencing occupational performance.
      • Client factors, tasks, and contexts all play a critical role in competence.
    • Leisure:
      • Definition: Discretionary time not obligated to work, self-care, or instrumental activity. Examples include hobbies, interests travel, and educational pursuits
      • Types include active (e.g., walking, dancing) and passive (e.g., reading, watching movies).

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    Adult Final Review PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers essential cardiovascular changes in adults, including lung and heart adaptations. Additionally, it discusses functional performance thresholds and the impact of aging on daily activities. Test your understanding of how these factors influence independent living.

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