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Questions and Answers
Why is it important to monitor blood glucose levels in diabetic clients receiving adrenergic agonists?
Why is it important to monitor blood glucose levels in diabetic clients receiving adrenergic agonists?
- Adrenergic agonists can cause hypoglycemia.
- Adrenergic agonists can increase blood sugar levels. (correct)
- Adrenergic agonists can mask the symptoms of hyperglycemia.
- Adrenergic agonists improve glucose tolerance.
A patient is prescribed an adrenergic agonist. Which instruction is most important to include in the patient's teaching regarding potential adverse effects?
A patient is prescribed an adrenergic agonist. Which instruction is most important to include in the patient's teaching regarding potential adverse effects?
- Report any instances of increased appetite.
- Report palpitations or irregular heart rate. (correct)
- Reduce fluid intake to avoid edema.
- Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia.
A patient who self-administers an EpiPen should seek immediate medical attention if they need to use the EpiPen how often?
A patient who self-administers an EpiPen should seek immediate medical attention if they need to use the EpiPen how often?
- More than five times per day.
- More than twice a week. (correct)
- More than once a month.
- More than once a year.
Why should patients be advised to avoid using nasal sprays containing adrenergic agonists for longer than 3-5 days?
Why should patients be advised to avoid using nasal sprays containing adrenergic agonists for longer than 3-5 days?
When administering an adrenergic agonist intravenously, what is the primary nursing intervention to ensure patient safety?
When administering an adrenergic agonist intravenously, what is the primary nursing intervention to ensure patient safety?
Which physiological response is primarily associated with the stimulation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors?
Which physiological response is primarily associated with the stimulation of alpha 1 adrenergic receptors?
A patient is experiencing a severe allergic reaction with bronchospasm. Which adrenergic agonist is most appropriate for this situation?
A patient is experiencing a severe allergic reaction with bronchospasm. Which adrenergic agonist is most appropriate for this situation?
What is the primary effect of beta 2 adrenergic receptor stimulation on the uterus?
What is the primary effect of beta 2 adrenergic receptor stimulation on the uterus?
A patient with a history of hypertension is prescribed an adrenergic agonist. What potential side effect requires close monitoring?
A patient with a history of hypertension is prescribed an adrenergic agonist. What potential side effect requires close monitoring?
What is the expected effect of epinephrine on blood sugar levels, and through which receptor does it primarily act to cause this effect?
What is the expected effect of epinephrine on blood sugar levels, and through which receptor does it primarily act to cause this effect?
Why should epinephrine be used with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus?
Why should epinephrine be used with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus?
A patient taking a nonselective beta blocker is given epinephrine for anaphylaxis. What potential drug interaction should be considered?
A patient taking a nonselective beta blocker is given epinephrine for anaphylaxis. What potential drug interaction should be considered?
What is a contraindication for the administration of epinephrine?
What is a contraindication for the administration of epinephrine?
Flashcards
Adrenergic Agonists Function
Adrenergic Agonists Function
Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system, mimicking norepinephrine and epinephrine.
Alpha 1 Receptor Effects
Alpha 1 Receptor Effects
Increases cardiac contractility and vasoconstriction; dilates pupils, relaxes the bladder, contracts the prostate.
Beta 1 Receptor Effects
Beta 1 Receptor Effects
Increases heart rate and contractility, increases renin secretion and blood pressure.
Beta 2 Receptor Effects
Beta 2 Receptor Effects
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Epinephrine Action
Epinephrine Action
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Epinephrine Uses
Epinephrine Uses
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Epinephrine Side Effects
Epinephrine Side Effects
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Epinephrine Contraindications
Epinephrine Contraindications
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Adrenergic agonists and blood sugar
Adrenergic agonists and blood sugar
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Adrenergic agonist monitoring
Adrenergic agonist monitoring
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Adrenergic agonist precautions
Adrenergic agonist precautions
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EpiPen usage
EpiPen usage
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Adrenergic agonist evaluation
Adrenergic agonist evaluation
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Study Notes
Adrenergic Agonists
- They stimulate the sympathetic nervous system.
- They mimic the neurotransmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine.
- They act on adrenergic receptor sites in the heart, bronchi, GI tract, urinary bladder, and ciliary eye muscles.
Effects of Adrenergic Agonists at Receptors
Alpha 1
- Increases cardiac contractility and vasoconstriction
- Dilates pupils
- Relaxes the bladder.
- Contracts the prostate
Beta 1
- Increases cardiac contractility and heart rate
- Increases renin secretion and blood pressure
- Affects the heart
Beta 2
- Decreases GI tone and motility
- Causes bronchodilation
- Increases blood flow in skeletal muscles
- Relaxes smooth muscles of the uterus
- Activates liver glycogenolysis, which increases blood sugar
- Mainly affects the lungs
Adrenergic Agonist - Epinephrine
- It is a nonselective drug that stimulates alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors.
- It activates the sympathetic nervous system.
- Alpha 1 increases blood pressure.
- Beta 1 increases the heart rate.
- Beta 2 promotes bronchodilation.
Uses of Epinephrine
- Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock
- Bronchospasms and status asthmaticus
- Cardiogenic shock and cardiac arrest
Side Effects/Adverse Reactions of Epinephrine
- GI disturbances
- Sweating, headache, insomnia, dizziness, agitation, and anxiety
- Hyperglycemia
- Palpitations and cardiac dysrhythmia
- Tachycardia
- Hypertension
Contraindications of Epinephrine
- Tachycardia
- Glaucoma
- Labor
Cautions for Epinephrine
- Hypertension
- Prostatic hypertrophy
- Diabetes mellitus
Interactions of Epinephrine
- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants intensify and prolong its effect.
- Beta blockers block its effect.
- Digoxin may increase the risk of dysrhythmias.
- It increases blood sugar.
Adrenergic Agonist Drugs Assessment
- Assess vital signs.
- Obtain a medical history.
- Inquire about current symptoms.
- Obtain a baseline glucose level.
Adrenergic Agonist Drugs Nursing Interventions
- Monitor blood pressure, heart rate, and urine output.
- Monitor IV site for infiltration, administer IV push slowly (1 mg/minute) unless in cardiac arrest.
- Use a cardiac monitor when giving IV medication.
- Monitor for side effects/adverse reactions, and report hypertension, irregular heart rate, and tachycardia.
- Monitor blood glucose in diabetic clients.
Adrenergic Agonist Drugs Teaching
- Report side effects/adverse reactions like palpitations.
- Avoid drugs that increase blood pressure such as cold medicine and diet pills.
- Avoid adrenergics when breastfeeding.
- Only use nasal sprays for 3-5 days.
- Take medication as prescribed.
- How to use inhaled drugs or drops; return demonstration.
Epi-Pen Teaching
- Inform the provider if the EpiPen is used more than twice a week.
- Carry the EpiPen at all times.
- Do not refrigerate the EpiPen; store it in a cool, dark place.
- Use the EpiPen at the first sign of a reaction.
- Inspect the contents for particles; do not use if particles are pink or brown.
- Inject subcutaneously in the outer thigh and hold in place for 5-10 seconds.
- Massage the injection site after administration.
- Report side effects/adverse reactions.
Adrenergic Agonist Drugs - Evaluation
- Evaluate the client's response to medication.
- Evaluate improvement in symptoms.
- Assess any side effects/adverse reactions.
- Determine if the client understands medication and its use.
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Description
Adrenergic agonists stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, mimicking norepinephrine and epinephrine. They act on adrenergic receptors, influencing heart contractility, vasoconstriction, bronchodilation, and blood sugar levels. Epinephrine is a nonselective adrenergic agonist, stimulating alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 receptors.
