Podcast
Questions and Answers
What drug class does epinephrine belong to?
What drug class does epinephrine belong to?
Sympathomimetic non-selective adrenergic agonist
Which of the following is a contraindication for epinephrine administration?
Which of the following is a contraindication for epinephrine administration?
What effect does epinephrine have on blood glucose and serum lactic acid levels?
What effect does epinephrine have on blood glucose and serum lactic acid levels?
Which drug class can potentiate the effects of epinephrine?
Which drug class can potentiate the effects of epinephrine?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of epinephrine, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of epinephrine, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the onset, peak, and duration of epinephrine when administered subcutaneously?
What is the onset, peak, and duration of epinephrine when administered subcutaneously?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following conditions is epinephrine NOT typically used to treat?
Which of the following conditions is epinephrine NOT typically used to treat?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a potential side effect of epinephrine administration?
Which of the following is a potential side effect of epinephrine administration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a life-threatening adverse reaction to epinephrine?
Which of the following is a life-threatening adverse reaction to epinephrine?
Signup and view all the answers
What drug class does clonidine belong to?
What drug class does clonidine belong to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary therapeutic use of clonidine?
What is the primary therapeutic use of clonidine?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the mechanisms by which clonidine lowers blood pressure.
Describe the mechanisms by which clonidine lowers blood pressure.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of clonidine?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of clonidine?
Signup and view all the answers
What drug class does atenolol belong to?
What drug class does atenolol belong to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a contraindication for atenolol administration?
Which of the following is a contraindication for atenolol administration?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug class can increase the risk of hypoglycemia when co-administered with atenolol?
Which drug class can increase the risk of hypoglycemia when co-administered with atenolol?
Signup and view all the answers
Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of atenolol, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of atenolol, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the onset, peak, and duration of action of atenolol when administered orally?
What are the onset, peak, and duration of action of atenolol when administered orally?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a therapeutic use for atenolol?
Which of the following is a therapeutic use for atenolol?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common adverse reaction to atenolol?
Which of the following is a common adverse reaction to atenolol?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Epinephrine
- Class: Sympathomimetic non-selective adrenergic agonist
- Contraindications: Parkinson's disease, closed-angle glaucoma, brain disease, hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperthyroidism, renal dysfunction, hypovolemia, labor
- Lab Interactions: Increased blood glucose, serum lactic acid
- Drug Interactions: Increased effects with TCAs and MAOIs; beta-blockers antagonize effects; digoxin may cause dysrhythmias
- Pharmacokinetics: Rapid absorption via SQ, IM, IV; Inactivated in the GI tract; Protein binding; Half-life (IV) < 5 minutes; Excreted in urine and breast milk
- Pharmacodynamics:
- SQ: Onset 5-10 minutes; Peak 20 minutes; Duration 1-4 hours
- IV: Onset immediate; Peak 2-5 minutes; Duration 5-10 minutes
- IM: Variable onset; Duration 1-4 hours
- Purposes: Nasal congestion, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, asthma, bronchospasm
- Side Effects: Tremors, restlessness, nausea and vomiting (NV), headache, pallor, agitation, oliguria, dizziness, variable blood glucose (BG), paresthesia
- Adverse Reactions: Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea, myocardial infarction (MI), renal insufficiency; life-threatening: pulmonary edema, dysrhythmias
Clonidine
- Class: Alpha 2 agonist
- Purpose: Hypertension
- Mechanism of Action: Decreases norepinephrine release and peripheral receptor activation
- Side Effects: Headache, nasal congestion, drowsiness, nightmares, constipation, edema, elevated hepatic enzymes, ejaculation issues
Atenolol
- Class: Beta 1 blocker
- Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart blocks, cardiogenic shock, uncompensated heart failure; Caution with renal issues, DM, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, and pregnancy
- Drug Interactions: Increased absorption with atropine; decreased effects with NSAIDs; increased risk of hypoglycemia with insulin
- Pharmacokinetics: 50% absorbed in the GI tract; 10% protein binding; Half-life (t1/2): 6-7 hours; Excreted in urine and feces
- Pharmacodynamics:
- PO: Onset 1 hour; Peak 2-4 hours; Duration 24 hours
- Purpose: Hypertension, angina, treatment and prevention of MI
- Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, depression, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, erectile dysfunction (ED)
- Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, hypotension, chest pain, heart failure, dyspnea, bronchospasm, renal failure
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers the essential pharmacological aspects of epinephrine, including its classification, contraindications, interactions, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and uses. Test your knowledge on this vital drug used in various medical situations such as allergic reactions and cardiac arrest.