Pharmacology of Epinephrine
20 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What drug class does epinephrine belong to?

Sympathomimetic non-selective adrenergic agonist

Which of the following is a contraindication for epinephrine administration?

  • Parkinson's disease (correct)
  • Closed-angle glaucoma (correct)
  • Brain disease (correct)
  • Hyperthyroidism (correct)
  • All of the above (correct)
  • What effect does epinephrine have on blood glucose and serum lactic acid levels?

  • Increases both (correct)
  • Decreases blood glucose, increases serum lactic acid
  • Increases blood glucose, decreases serum lactic acid
  • Decreases both
  • Which drug class can potentiate the effects of epinephrine?

    <p>A and B only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of epinephrine, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

    <p>Epinephrine is rapidly absorbed via subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous routes. It undergoes minimal absorption in the gastrointestinal tract. Distribution is characterized by protein binding. Epinephrine has a short half-life of less than five minutes when administered intravenously. Elimination occurs primarily through urinary excretion, with a small amount found in breast milk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset, peak, and duration of epinephrine when administered subcutaneously?

    <p>Onset: 5-10 minutes, Peak: 20 minutes, Duration: 1-4 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is epinephrine NOT typically used to treat?

    <p>Migraine headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential side effect of epinephrine administration?

    <p>Tremors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a life-threatening adverse reaction to epinephrine?

    <p>Pulmonary edema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drug class does clonidine belong to?

    <p>Alpha-2 agonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of clonidine?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the mechanisms by which clonidine lowers blood pressure.

    <p>Clonidine reduces the release of norepinephrine from sympathetic nerve endings in the central nervous system. This decrease in norepinephrine results in reduced peripheral receptor activation, leading to a decrease in vasoconstriction and lowered blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of clonidine?

    <p>Diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drug class does atenolol belong to?

    <p>Beta-1 blocker</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for atenolol administration?

    <p>Hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug class can increase the risk of hypoglycemia when co-administered with atenolol?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the pharmacokinetic properties of atenolol, including its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

    <p>Atenolol exhibits moderate absorption from the gastrointestinal tract, with approximately 50% bioavailability. Distribution involves protein binding to a significant extent, about 10%. The elimination half-life of atenolol is estimated to be 6-7 hours. Excretion primarily occurs through urine and feces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the onset, peak, and duration of action of atenolol when administered orally?

    <p>When administered orally, atenolol exhibits an onset of action around 1 hour, a peak effect between 2 and 4 hours, and a duration of action lasting approximately 24 hours.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a therapeutic use for atenolol?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common adverse reaction to atenolol?

    <p>Bradycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Epinephrine

    • Class: Sympathomimetic non-selective adrenergic agonist
    • Contraindications: Parkinson's disease, closed-angle glaucoma, brain disease, hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperthyroidism, renal dysfunction, hypovolemia, labor
    • Lab Interactions: Increased blood glucose, serum lactic acid
    • Drug Interactions: Increased effects with TCAs and MAOIs; beta-blockers antagonize effects; digoxin may cause dysrhythmias
    • Pharmacokinetics: Rapid absorption via SQ, IM, IV; Inactivated in the GI tract; Protein binding; Half-life (IV) < 5 minutes; Excreted in urine and breast milk
    • Pharmacodynamics:
    • SQ: Onset 5-10 minutes; Peak 20 minutes; Duration 1-4 hours
    • IV: Onset immediate; Peak 2-5 minutes; Duration 5-10 minutes
    • IM: Variable onset; Duration 1-4 hours
    • Purposes: Nasal congestion, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, asthma, bronchospasm
    • Side Effects: Tremors, restlessness, nausea and vomiting (NV), headache, pallor, agitation, oliguria, dizziness, variable blood glucose (BG), paresthesia
    • Adverse Reactions: Hypertension, tachycardia, palpitations, dyspnea, myocardial infarction (MI), renal insufficiency; life-threatening: pulmonary edema, dysrhythmias

    Clonidine

    • Class: Alpha 2 agonist
    • Purpose: Hypertension
    • Mechanism of Action: Decreases norepinephrine release and peripheral receptor activation
    • Side Effects: Headache, nasal congestion, drowsiness, nightmares, constipation, edema, elevated hepatic enzymes, ejaculation issues

    Atenolol

    • Class: Beta 1 blocker
    • Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, bradycardia, heart blocks, cardiogenic shock, uncompensated heart failure; Caution with renal issues, DM, bronchospasm, pulmonary edema, and pregnancy
    • Drug Interactions: Increased absorption with atropine; decreased effects with NSAIDs; increased risk of hypoglycemia with insulin
    • Pharmacokinetics: 50% absorbed in the GI tract; 10% protein binding; Half-life (t1/2): 6-7 hours; Excreted in urine and feces
    • Pharmacodynamics:
    • PO: Onset 1 hour; Peak 2-4 hours; Duration 24 hours
    • Purpose: Hypertension, angina, treatment and prevention of MI
    • Side Effects: Drowsiness, dizziness, headache, depression, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, erectile dysfunction (ED)
    • Adverse Reactions: Bradycardia, hypotension, chest pain, heart failure, dyspnea, bronchospasm, renal failure

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the essential pharmacological aspects of epinephrine, including its classification, contraindications, interactions, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and uses. Test your knowledge on this vital drug used in various medical situations such as allergic reactions and cardiac arrest.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser