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Questions and Answers
The correlation coefficient between nonmedical tranquilizer use and total family income is .048.
The correlation coefficient between nonmedical tranquilizer use and total family income is .048.
False (B)
Nonmedical sedative use shows a stronger correlation with age than with poverty level.
Nonmedical sedative use shows a stronger correlation with age than with poverty level.
False (B)
Hispanic ethnicity demonstrates a significant negative correlation with nonmedical pain reliever use.
Hispanic ethnicity demonstrates a significant negative correlation with nonmedical pain reliever use.
False (B)
Black ethnicity has a correlation coefficient of .204 with any nonmedical prescription drug misuse.
Black ethnicity has a correlation coefficient of .204 with any nonmedical prescription drug misuse.
The strongest correlation found is between total family income and nonmedical stimulant use.
The strongest correlation found is between total family income and nonmedical stimulant use.
Peer disapproval is qualitatively similar to peer approval.
Peer disapproval is qualitatively similar to peer approval.
The NSDUH survey includes participants aged 12 years or older.
The NSDUH survey includes participants aged 12 years or older.
A larger sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years was included in the 2010 NSDUH study.
A larger sample of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years was included in the 2010 NSDUH study.
The majority of adolescents reported using marijuana or hashish more than once a month.
The majority of adolescents reported using marijuana or hashish more than once a month.
Approximately 50% of the 2010 NSDUH sample was female.
Approximately 50% of the 2010 NSDUH sample was female.
Parental perception of substance use disapproval was examined using a 3-point scale.
Parental perception of substance use disapproval was examined using a 3-point scale.
The NSDUH uses telephone interviews as its primary data collection method.
The NSDUH uses telephone interviews as its primary data collection method.
Socioeconomic and gender variables were included in the second step of the regression analysis.
Socioeconomic and gender variables were included in the second step of the regression analysis.
Perceived peer substance use disapproval can decrease the likelihood of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents.
Perceived peer substance use disapproval can decrease the likelihood of cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents.
The odds ratios were used as a measure of effect size in the results.
The odds ratios were used as a measure of effect size in the results.
Older adolescents were less likely to report prescription drug misuse compared to younger adolescents.
Older adolescents were less likely to report prescription drug misuse compared to younger adolescents.
Caregiver and peer disapproval are positively associated with early substance use initiation.
Caregiver and peer disapproval are positively associated with early substance use initiation.
The NSDUH survey targets only institutionalized populations in the US.
The NSDUH survey targets only institutionalized populations in the US.
There was a significant increase in the percentage of white adolescents across income levels.
There was a significant increase in the percentage of white adolescents across income levels.
The analyses by ethnic/racial group were conducted using weighted data.
The analyses by ethnic/racial group were conducted using weighted data.
All adolescents aged 10 to 18 participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health sample.
All adolescents aged 10 to 18 participated in the National Survey on Drug Use and Health sample.
This study examines differences in peer and parental influences on substance use among ethnic/racial minority adolescents.
This study examines differences in peer and parental influences on substance use among ethnic/racial minority adolescents.
The study's findings can be generalized to all adolescents regardless of ethnic background.
The study's findings can be generalized to all adolescents regardless of ethnic background.
Parents have a diminished influence on adolescents' decision making about risky behaviors.
Parents have a diminished influence on adolescents' decision making about risky behaviors.
The study included adolescents who self-identified as multiracial.
The study included adolescents who self-identified as multiracial.
The study highlights the need to explore how multiple cultural identities can shape health-related behaviors.
The study highlights the need to explore how multiple cultural identities can shape health-related behaviors.
White adolescents were found to be less influenced by parental and peer attitudes compared to ethnic minority adolescents.
White adolescents were found to be less influenced by parental and peer attitudes compared to ethnic minority adolescents.
Self-report surveys are known to be entirely free from bias in health-related studies.
Self-report surveys are known to be entirely free from bias in health-related studies.
Future studies are recommended to investigate the full spectrum of attitudes regarding substance use.
Future studies are recommended to investigate the full spectrum of attitudes regarding substance use.
White adolescents who perceived close friends’ strong disapproval of monthly marijuana use were over 200% less likely to report NMUPD.
White adolescents who perceived close friends’ strong disapproval of monthly marijuana use were over 200% less likely to report NMUPD.
Hispanic adolescents have a higher odds ratio for smoking marijuana monthly compared to white adolescents.
Hispanic adolescents have a higher odds ratio for smoking marijuana monthly compared to white adolescents.
Close friends’ disapproval of trying marijuana had a significant impact on Hispanic adolescents.
Close friends’ disapproval of trying marijuana had a significant impact on Hispanic adolescents.
The likelihood of African American adolescents reporting NMUPD is influenced by peer disapproval of smoking 11 packs of cigarettes a day.
The likelihood of African American adolescents reporting NMUPD is influenced by peer disapproval of smoking 11 packs of cigarettes a day.
Parental disapproval of daily alcohol consumption among white adolescents had an odds ratio greater than 1.
Parental disapproval of daily alcohol consumption among white adolescents had an odds ratio greater than 1.
The odds ratio for white adolescents' smoking marijuana monthly is less than 2.
The odds ratio for white adolescents' smoking marijuana monthly is less than 2.
Parental disapproval is generally more effective in reducing substance use among Hispanic adolescents compared to white adolescents.
Parental disapproval is generally more effective in reducing substance use among Hispanic adolescents compared to white adolescents.
Close friends’ disapproval of smoking marijuana monthly is significant for all ethnic groups mentioned.
Close friends’ disapproval of smoking marijuana monthly is significant for all ethnic groups mentioned.
The odds ratios presented indicate a stronger influence of parental disapproval over peer disapproval in all ethnic groups.
The odds ratios presented indicate a stronger influence of parental disapproval over peer disapproval in all ethnic groups.
Drinking alcohol daily showed significant associations for both white and Hispanic adolescents.
Drinking alcohol daily showed significant associations for both white and Hispanic adolescents.
Parental disapproval significantly decreases the likelihood of prescription drug misuse among Hispanic adolescents.
Parental disapproval significantly decreases the likelihood of prescription drug misuse among Hispanic adolescents.
Among African American adolescents, gender has a higher impact on drug misuse than age based on disapproval from close friends.
Among African American adolescents, gender has a higher impact on drug misuse than age based on disapproval from close friends.
White adolescents who perceive strong disapproval from their peers are less likely to try marijuana according to the data.
White adolescents who perceive strong disapproval from their peers are less likely to try marijuana according to the data.
All ethnic groups showed a significant effect of age on drug misuse owing to parental disapproval.
All ethnic groups showed a significant effect of age on drug misuse owing to parental disapproval.
The odds ratio for gender among Hispanic adolescents is greater than 1.0, indicating a higher likelihood of drug misuse.
The odds ratio for gender among Hispanic adolescents is greater than 1.0, indicating a higher likelihood of drug misuse.
Close friends’ disapproval has a stronger impact on the likelihood of prescription drug misuse as compared to parental disapproval among African American adolescents.
Close friends’ disapproval has a stronger impact on the likelihood of prescription drug misuse as compared to parental disapproval among African American adolescents.
Among Hispanic adolescents, the odds ratio for age due to close friends’ disapproval is higher than for parental disapproval.
Among Hispanic adolescents, the odds ratio for age due to close friends’ disapproval is higher than for parental disapproval.
Significant differences in drug misuse risk exist between genders across all ethnic groups for both parental and close friends' disapproval.
Significant differences in drug misuse risk exist between genders across all ethnic groups for both parental and close friends' disapproval.
Flashcards
Within-group analysis
Within-group analysis
A research method where the same group of people is studied over time, allowing for comparisons between their own attitudes and behaviors at different stages.
Peer influence
Peer influence
The attitudes and actions of individuals who are similar in age and social standing, often significantly influencing a person's behavior.
Parental influence
Parental influence
The beliefs and actions of parents or guardians, playing a crucial role in shaping a child's behavior and attitudes.
NSDUH
NSDUH
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Multistage area probability sampling
Multistage area probability sampling
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Oversampling
Oversampling
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In-Person Interviews
In-Person Interviews
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Cooperation and willingness to report
Cooperation and willingness to report
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Spearman's Rho Correlation Coefficient
Spearman's Rho Correlation Coefficient
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Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use
Nonmedical Prescription Drug Use
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Two-Tailed Test
Two-Tailed Test
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P-Value
P-Value
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P < .05
P < .05
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Chi-squared Test (x2)
Chi-squared Test (x2)
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Poisson Regression
Poisson Regression
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Logistic Regression
Logistic Regression
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Odds Ratio
Odds Ratio
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Perceived Parental Substance Use Disapproval
Perceived Parental Substance Use Disapproval
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Perceived Peer Substance Use Disapproval
Perceived Peer Substance Use Disapproval
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Moderator
Moderator
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Hierarchical Regression
Hierarchical Regression
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Age & Drug Misuse
Age & Drug Misuse
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Parental and Peer Disapproval
Parental and Peer Disapproval
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White Adolescents and Parental Disapproval
White Adolescents and Parental Disapproval
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White Adolescents and Peer Disapproval
White Adolescents and Peer Disapproval
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Hispanic Adolescents and Parental Disapproval
Hispanic Adolescents and Parental Disapproval
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Hispanic Adolescents and Peer Disapproval
Hispanic Adolescents and Peer Disapproval
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African American Adolescents and Parental Disapproval
African American Adolescents and Parental Disapproval
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African American Adolescents and Peer Disapproval
African American Adolescents and Peer Disapproval
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Parental and peer influences are unique in minority youth
Parental and peer influences are unique in minority youth
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Why are white teens at higher risk for NMUPD?
Why are white teens at higher risk for NMUPD?
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What factors contribute to lower NMUPD rates in minority groups?
What factors contribute to lower NMUPD rates in minority groups?
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How do multiple cultures influence substance use in multiracial youth?
How do multiple cultures influence substance use in multiracial youth?
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Limitations of self-reported data
Limitations of self-reported data
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Advantages of using NSDUH for research
Advantages of using NSDUH for research
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Parents remain influential in adolescents' decision-making
Parents remain influential in adolescents' decision-making
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Missing information in the study: perceived peer and parental approval
Missing information in the study: perceived peer and parental approval
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Close friends’ disapproval impact
Close friends’ disapproval impact
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Study focus
Study focus
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Parental disapproval impact
Parental disapproval impact
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Ethnic differences
Ethnic differences
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NMUPD
NMUPD
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Substance use disapproval correlation
Substance use disapproval correlation
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Social influence impact
Social influence impact
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Study Notes
Ethnic/Racial Differences in Adolescent Prescription Drug Misuse
- Prescription drug misuse is a growing epidemic, especially among adolescents in the US
- Misuse involves using prescription medication without a prescription or for non-medical purposes
- White adolescents have higher rates of prescription drug misuse than Hispanic or African American adolescents
- Perceived disapproval from parents and peers correlates negatively with prescription drug misuse, particularly among white adolescents
Socio-cultural Influences
- Parental and peer disapproval of substance use significantly lowered the likelihood of prescription drug misuse among white adolescents compared to non-white adolescents
- There are differences in disapproval of substance use across ethnic groups (e.g., views on alcohol vs marijuana) and types of substances
- The study highlights the importance of exploring culturally-specific mechanisms in adolescents' risk behaviors—going beyond simple risk models
- Understanding how cultural factors, particularly disapproval of substance use attitudes of peers and parents, may be different among groups is important - future studies needed in this area
- The study examined the influence of perceived peer and parental disapproval on adolescent prescription drug misuse (NMUPD) among African American, Hispanic, and White adolescents
Study Methods
- The study used secondary data from the 2010 National Survey on Drug Use and Health
- The sample size was 18,614 adolescents aged 12-17
- The study incorporated computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI, audio-computer assisted self-interviewing (ACASI)) to collect survey data
- Variables included NMUPD (nonmedical use of prescription drugs subtype), sociodemographic measures
- Perceived parental and peer disapproval of substance use
- Statistical analysis like Poisson and logistic regressions were used for analysis
Results
- White adolescents reported significantly higher rates of stimulant and tranquilizer misuse compared to African American and Hispanic adolescents
- Conversely, African American adolescents reported the lowest rates
- Hispanic adolescents had rates of misuse that fell between white and African American adolescents
- Perceived parental disapproval was a significant protective factor for misuse for each ethnic group, but not as effective as the influence of parents
- The effect of disapproval regarding substance use varied between ethnic groups and substance types
- Higher income levels were related to less NMUPD among all ethnic groups
- Key findings show that peer and parental disapproval may influence misuse, particularly among white adolescents.
- Age and gender also played a role in the likelihood of misuse, with older adolescents and females showing a higher likelihood of misuse, these results were consistent with previous research.
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Description
This quiz explores the ethnic and racial differences in prescription drug misuse among adolescents, focusing on the influences of parental and peer disapproval. It highlights the varying rates of misuse and the socio-cultural factors that affect adolescents' behaviors regarding prescription medications. Test your understanding of this growing epidemic and its implications.
