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Questions and Answers
What physiological change is characterized by an increase in height and weight during adolescence?
What physiological change is characterized by an increase in height and weight during adolescence?
Which of the following behaviors is considered health compromising in adolescents?
Which of the following behaviors is considered health compromising in adolescents?
Which stage of sexual maturation in females is characterized by the onset of breast development?
Which stage of sexual maturation in females is characterized by the onset of breast development?
What is the purpose of the Tanner stages in adolescent nutrition?
What is the purpose of the Tanner stages in adolescent nutrition?
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What is a significant nutritional requirement for adolescents due to rapid growth?
What is a significant nutritional requirement for adolescents due to rapid growth?
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What factor should be prioritized when determining nutrition needs for adolescents?
What factor should be prioritized when determining nutrition needs for adolescents?
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Which of the following is not listed as a common unhealthy eating behavior among adolescents?
Which of the following is not listed as a common unhealthy eating behavior among adolescents?
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Why is it important to focus nutrition education on immediate benefits for adolescents?
Why is it important to focus nutrition education on immediate benefits for adolescents?
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What is a suggested strategy to improve the nutritional quality of adolescent diets?
What is a suggested strategy to improve the nutritional quality of adolescent diets?
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What common factor influences adolescent eating behaviors?
What common factor influences adolescent eating behaviors?
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In what way does participation in physical activity relate to adolescent nutrition?
In what way does participation in physical activity relate to adolescent nutrition?
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What percentage of adolescents meet the nutritional requirements for fruits and vegetables?
What percentage of adolescents meet the nutritional requirements for fruits and vegetables?
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At what Tanner stage is sexual maturation considered to be concluded for males?
At what Tanner stage is sexual maturation considered to be concluded for males?
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What is the minimum percentage of body fat required for menarche in females?
What is the minimum percentage of body fat required for menarche in females?
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What significant body composition change occurs in females at full maturity?
What significant body composition change occurs in females at full maturity?
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Which vitamin is NOT mentioned as important for osteoporosis prevention during adolescence?
Which vitamin is NOT mentioned as important for osteoporosis prevention during adolescence?
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In middle adolescence, which behavior is typical regarding food choices?
In middle adolescence, which behavior is typical regarding food choices?
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What is a characteristic of early adolescents related to their self-improvement efforts?
What is a characteristic of early adolescents related to their self-improvement efforts?
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Which statement best describes the peak weight gain during puberty in males?
Which statement best describes the peak weight gain during puberty in males?
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What is a common psychosocial concern for females who mature early during adolescence?
What is a common psychosocial concern for females who mature early during adolescence?
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Study Notes
Adolescent Nutrition Lecture 20
- Adolescence is defined as the period between 11 and 21 years of age.
- Physical, social, and psychosocial development occur during this time.
- Nutritional needs are determined by biological maturity, not chronological age.
- Tanner stages (SMR) assess pubertal maturity, focusing on secondary sex characteristics, not chronological age.
- Tanner stages in females include breast development and pubic hair growth. Tanner Stages in males include genital and pubic hair growth.
- Girls experience a peak in body fat between 15 and 16 years of age.
- 17% body fat is required for menarche.
- 25% body fat is needed for a regular menstrual cycle.
- Boys gain weight that correlates with peak linear growth and muscle mass during adolescence.
- Body fat in males reduces to 12% by the end of puberty.
- A significant proportion of peak bone mass is accrued during adolescence; nearly 90% by age 18.
- Calcium intake, vitamin D, vitamin K, protein, phosphorus, magnesium, and iron are critical for adolescent bone development and minimizing osteoporosis risk later in life.
- Physical activity during adolescence plays a role in bone development.
Nutritional Challenges
- Increased needs for energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals.
- Health-compromising behaviors are common, such as skipping meals and unhealthy weight-control practices.
- Frequent consumption of foods high in fat and sugar (e.g., fast foods, soft drinks, energy-dense snacks).
Psychosocial Changes
- Early adolescence (11-14 years) is characterized by a desire to improve body image, concrete thinking, impulsive behavior, and a lack of foresight.
- Middle adolescence (15-17 years) is marked by peer influence, taking charge of food choices, and feelings of invincibility.
- Late adolescence (18-21 years) involves established body image, future-oriented thinking, and a greater interest in overall health.
Energy Requirements
- Energy needs vary based on lean mass, fat mass, skeletal mass, and activity level.
- Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and pubertal growth are key factors.
- Low energy intakes during adolescence can result in stunted growth, delayed sexual maturation, and reduced lean body mass.
Protein Requirements
- Protein is required for maintaining existing lean body mass and the growth of new lean body mass.
- The recommended daily intake (DRI) for protein is 0.85 g/kg of body weight.
- Protein needs should be assessed based on growth timing, not just chronological age.
Other Nutrients (Carbohydrates, Dietary Fiber, Calcium)
- Carbohydrates are the primary source of dietary energy, with a daily recommendation of 130 g and ranging from 45-65% of daily calories.
- Dietary fiber is important for normal bowel function and potential disease prevention. Daily recommendations vary by age and gender.
- Calcium is critical for bone mass development, with a DRI of 1300 mg/day. Calcium absorption is higher in early adolescence in both males and females. This is correlated with calorie and milk intake.
Additional Nutrients (Vitamin D, Iron, Folate)
- Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption and maintains proper serum calcium and phosphate levels.
- Iron is essential for increased blood volume and the menstrual cycle.
- Folate (400 ug/day) is important for DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis. Adequate intake can reduce the risk of birth defects like spina bifida.
Snacking, Meal Skipping, Eating Away from Home
- Snacking contributes a significant portion of calories and nutrients.
- Eating away from home often involves high-fat, high-sugar, low-nutrient foods.
- Breakfast and lunch meals are sometimes skipped.
Body Image
- Adolescents are often concerned about their body proportions and growth rate. This can lead to unhealthy dieting behaviors.
- Girls may over restrict their food intake, while boys may use supplements to build muscle.
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Description
This quiz covers vital aspects of adolescent nutrition, focusing on stages of physical and psychosocial development from ages 11 to 21. It highlights the importance of nutritional needs based on biological maturity and details Tanner stages for both genders. Understanding body fat percentages and their impact on growth and development is also emphasized.
