Adolescence and Early Adulthood Cognitive Development

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Questions and Answers

What is primarily developed during social internships in adolescence?

Cognitive skills

Social roles and responsibilities (correct)

Physical fitness

Emotional intelligence

Which factor is central to the adolescent's life according to the content?

Peer relationships (correct)

Community involvement

Academic achievements

Family dynamics

What can serve as a negative influence on adolescents, as mentioned in the content?

Pro-social behaviors

Family traditions

Peer pressure (correct)

Community support

At what age do preschoolers typically label themselves as a boy or a girl?

By age three Signup and view all the answers

Erikson's psychosocial theory contains how many stages across the lifespan?

8 stages Signup and view all the answers

What does each psychosocial crisis entail according to Erikson?

A struggle between two opposing tendencies Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if psychosocial crises are not dealt with effectively according to Erikson?

A sense of inadequacy Signup and view all the answers

What is reinforced through caregivers' differential treatment of children according to the content?

Gender roles Signup and view all the answers

Which behavior is classified as risk behavior in adolescents?

Substance abuse Signup and view all the answers

What important developmental function does conflict serve during adolescence?

Development of autonomy Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the formal operational period in adolescence?

Ability to apply operations to abstract concepts Signup and view all the answers

Which concept illustrates the belief that adolescents are the center of attention in every situation?

Imaginary audience Signup and view all the answers

What is one implication of adolescent egocentrism?

Facilitation of risk-taking behavior Signup and view all the answers

How is cognitive development viewed in early adulthood compared to adolescence?

More complex and adaptive Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical cognitive change observed during middle adulthood?

Steady decline in episodic memory Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive behavior is commonly associated with personal myths in adolescents?

Unrealistic perspectives on their uniqueness Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing feature of mature cognitive development compared to adolescent thought?

Greater emphasis on independence and rationality Signup and view all the answers

What reflects the contemporary view of cognitive development beyond adolescence?

It continues to evolve and become more adaptive Signup and view all the answers

Which traditional characteristic is often associated with mature cognitive development?

Rational and independent thinking Signup and view all the answers

What is a key biological factor associated with PTSD?

Differences in amygdala activity Signup and view all the answers

Which psychological factor may increase vulnerability to PTSD in an individual?

A family history of mental illness Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes complex PTSD from standard PTSD?

It results from prolonged exposure to abuse rather than a single traumatic event. Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common community factor that can contribute to PTSD among individuals?

High crime rates in the area Signup and view all the answers

Which neurobiological finding is typically observed in individuals with PTSD?

Decreased activity in the hippocampus Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the term 'dissociative amnesia' in the context of PTSD?

Experiencing a lack of memory related to the trauma Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes acute stress disorder from post traumatic stress disorder?

Acute stress disorder occurs within one month of the traumatic event. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a normal response to trauma?

Enduring psychological disturbance Signup and view all the answers

Which event is an example of a traumatic experience that could lead to PTSD?

Witnessing a murder Signup and view all the answers

What symptom characterizes hyperarousal in PTSD?

Persistent expectation of danger Signup and view all the answers

What cognitive ability allows adolescents to think more abstractly, idealistically, and logically?

Formal operational thinking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disorders involves a pattern of inhibited behavior toward a caregiver?

Reactive attachment disorder Signup and view all the answers

What does fluid intelligence refer to concerning its trajectory during adulthood?

It declines throughout adulthood Signup and view all the answers

In which situation would adjustment disorder typically occur?

Within three months of a stressor Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of intrusion in PTSD?

Flashbacks Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes personal myths as perceived by adolescents?

Fantasies about themselves as unique and special Signup and view all the answers

According to Erik Erikson, what is the main psychosocial challenge faced during middle adulthood?

To strike a balance between generativity and stagnation Signup and view all the answers

How long must symptoms persist for PTSD to be diagnosed?

More than one month Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding disinhibited social engagement disorder?

It involves emotional withdrawal from caregivers. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of development, according to Erikson, involves the crisis of identity versus identity confusion?

5th stage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of psychological theory regarding risk-taking behaviors in adolescents?

Social pressure and peer influence Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about normal responses to trauma is accurate?

Mild anxiety is common and expected. Signup and view all the answers

What do personal myths often illustrate about adolescent perceptions of themselves?

Their belief in immortality Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of development does Erikson suggest that peer pressure becomes a key issue?

Adolescence Signup and view all the answers

What does the decline in body systems during late adulthood indicate?

Chronic degenerative conditions Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of cognitive development is typically associated with adolescence according to Piaget?

Abstract reasoning Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Adolescence Cognitive Development

Formal operational period spans from 11 years to adulthood.
Enables application of logic to abstract concepts like justice, love, and free will.
Adolescent egocentrism leads to self-preoccupation and heightened self-consciousness.
Personal myths refer to fantasies of being unique and special; the invincibility fable describes unrealistic beliefs of being untouchable, promoting risk-taking behavior.
Imaginary audience reflects the belief that one is always the center of attention, intensifying self-consciousness.
Mature cognitive development is characterized by rationality and self-sufficiency, often viewed as masculine traits.

Early Adulthood

Some theorists suggest that cognitive development continues to evolve beyond formal operations.
Thinking becomes more complex, adaptive, and less absolute, equipping individuals to manage life's unpredictable challenges effectively.

Middle Adulthood

Cognitive changes vary widely; some individuals maintain cognitive abilities similar to those in early adulthood.
Episodic memory can decline steadily, with a sharper decrease noted in early middle adulthood.

Adolescents are inducted into social roles, preparing them for adulthood and fostering responsibility.
The desire for autonomy can trigger conflicts with family and community, which is crucial for developing independence.

Peer Influence

Peer relationships become central, with substantial time spent with peers.
Conformity within peer groups can encourage pro-social behaviors, alongside potential negative influences like teenage pregnancy and substance abuse.

Risk-Taking Behavior

Defined as actions that expose individuals to potential negative consequences socially, psychologically, or physically.

Gender Concept Development

Binary sex assigned at birth influences gender identity formation by age three, leading to adoption of gender roles reinforced by caregiver treatment.

Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory

Comprises 8 stages, each characterized by a psychosocial crisis that shapes personality.
Successful resolution of these crises strengthens the individual, while failure may result in struggles with self-identity.

Psychopathology

Defined as mental illness, with many normal responses to trauma including anxiety, distressing memories, and difficulty sleeping.
Abnormal responses develop if symptoms persist beyond the typical recovery period after a traumatic event.

Include Reactive Attachment Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), the latter stemming from exposure to serious life-threatening events.
PTSD symptoms encompass hyperarousal, intrusion (flashbacks, nightmares), and emotional constriction.

Biological and Psychological Factors in PTSD

Genetic links suggest inherited vulnerability; neuroimaging shows differences in brain activity related to emotional regulation and memory.
Psychological predispositions, including personality traits and prior mental health issues, influence trauma responses.

High-crime and politically unstable regions contribute to trauma prevalence.
Complex PTSD arises from prolonged abuse or repeat exposure to community violence, leading to cumulative trauma effects.

Discussion Points

Communities facing continuous trauma may not experience a standard post-trauma phase typical of PTSD, leading to debates on necessary diagnostic categories for mental health conditions.

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Description

Explore the stages of cognitive development during adolescence and early adulthood. This quiz covers concepts such as adolescent egocentrism, personal myths, and the evolution of thinking patterns through adulthood. Test your knowledge on how cognitive abilities mature and adapt over the lifespan.