Administrative Principles in Classical Organization Theory

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Questions and Answers

What aspect did scientific management focus on?

Sociological variables

Productivity of the organization (correct)

Group dynamics

Tensions created by frustrated needs

Who is known as the 'father of modern management theory'?

Henri Fayol (correct)

Luther Gulick

Lyndall Urwick

Mary Parker

Which management approach focused on sociological variables and group dynamics?

Scientific Management

Classical Organization Theory

Administrative Principles (correct)

Total organization approach

Who are some notable contributors to the administrative principles approach?

Mary Parker, Luther Gulick, Lyndall Urwick Signup and view all the answers

What did Henri Fayol primarily focus on in his contributions to management?

Internal organization activities Signup and view all the answers

What did the classical perspective tend to overlook according to the text?

Social needs of workers Signup and view all the answers

What did Fayol propose as the first principle of management?

Division of labor Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the six groups into which Fayol divided business activities?

Human Resources Operations Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Financial Operations according to Fayol's division of business activities?

Recording and taking stock of costs, profits, liabilities, assets Signup and view all the answers

Why did Fayol emphasize the need for authority and responsibility to go hand in hand?

To ensure smooth functioning of the organization Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT one of Fayol's Fourteen Principles of Management?

Attitude and behavior management Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Division of Labor according to Fayol's principles?

It increases organizational success Signup and view all the answers

Where did Abraham Maslow grow up?

Brooklyn, New York Signup and view all the answers

What did Maslow study at City College of New York?

Law Signup and view all the answers

Who was Maslow's mentor in psychology at the University of Wisconsin?

Harry Harlow Signup and view all the answers

In which year did Maslow earn his bachelor's degree in psychology?

1930 Signup and view all the answers

Where did Maslow earn all three of his psychology degrees?

University of Wisconsin Signup and view all the answers

What did Maslow describe his early childhood as?

Unhappy and lonely Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of extrinsic motivating factors?

Paid vacation and retirement plans Signup and view all the answers

How does positive motivation impact performance?

Creates greater enthusiasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the basis of negative motivation?

Fear, force, and threats Signup and view all the answers

How do motivational theories contribute to organizational behavior?

By explaining what makes people work harder Signup and view all the answers

What effect does positive motivation have on worker morale?

Boosts morale Signup and view all the answers

How does negative motivation influence employee behavior?

Uses force, fear, and threats Signup and view all the answers

What are the three human motivation needs classified by McClelland in his Acquired Needs Theory?

Achievement, affiliation, and power Signup and view all the answers

According to McClelland, how are the needs in his theory acquired or learned?

Based on life experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

McClelland's theory emphasizes learned needs and social interactions, whereas Maslow's theory focuses on innate hierarchical needs Signup and view all the answers

What did McClelland emphasize as a factor influencing the acquisition of needs?

Environmental determinants Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the human motivation needs classified by McClelland in his Acquired Needs Theory?

Esteem Signup and view all the answers

In McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory, what role do specific events play in shaping an individual's desires?

They have a profound influence on desires Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Scientific Management and Modern Management Theory

Scientific management concentrated on improving efficiency and productivity through systematic study and systematic work processes.
Peter Drucker is recognized as the 'father of modern management theory' for his groundbreaking work in management practices.

Sociological Variables and Group Dynamics

The behavioral approach in management emphasizes sociological variables and the dynamics within groups to improve organizational effectiveness.

Administrative Principles Approach Contributors

Notable figures in the administrative principles approach include Henri Fayol, Max Weber, and Mary Parker Follett, who contributed diverse insights into organizational structures and management principles.

Henri Fayol's Contributions

Fayol focused on general management practices and developed principles that guide managerial processes and organizational structure.

Limitations of the Classical Perspective

The classical perspective often overlooked the human element in organizations, neglecting the importance of employee needs and relationships.

First Principle of Management by Fayol

Fayol proposed that the first principle of management is to forecast, which involves planning for future developments and requirements.

Fayol's Division of Business Activities

Fayol categorized business activities into six groups, with 'Financial Operations' being one that focuses on managing finances effectively. However, "production" is not included as one of the six groups.

Purpose of Financial Operations

The purpose of Financial Operations in Fayol's framework is to manage and allocate financial resources efficiently to ensure organizational stability and growth.

Authority and Responsibility

Fayol emphasized that authority and responsibility must align because effective management relies on accountability and decentralized decision-making.

Exclusion from Fayol's Fourteen Principles

The principle of "Maturity" is not included among Fayol's Fourteen Principles of Management.

Significance of Division of Labor

Fayol recognized that the Division of Labor enhances efficiency and productivity by allowing specialization among employees, ensuring tasks are performed by skilled individuals.

Abraham Maslow's Background

Maslow grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and studied psychology at City College of New York, where he developed his foundational thoughts on human needs.

Maslow's Mentor

At the University of Wisconsin, Alfred Adler served as Maslow's mentor, influencing his psychological principles and theories.

Educational Achievements

Maslow earned his bachelor’s degree in psychology in 1930, completing all his degrees at the University of Wisconsin.

Early Childhood

Maslow described his early childhood as difficult, marked by challenges that shaped his understanding of human behavior and motivation.

Extrinsic Motivating Factors

Examples of extrinsic motivators include salary increases, bonuses, and job promotions, which are external rewards for performance.

Impact of Positive Motivation

Positive motivation enhances employee performance by increasing enthusiasm, engagement, and commitment to job tasks.

Negative Motivation Basis

Negative motivation is based on aversive consequences, such as fear of punishment or job loss, driving behavior through avoidance.

Contribution of Motivational Theories

Motivational theories provide insights into organizational behavior by explaining how different incentives impact employee performance and satisfaction.

Effects of Positive Motivation on Morale

Positive motivation significantly boosts worker morale, leading to higher job satisfaction and improved team dynamics.

Influence of Negative Motivation

Negative motivation can lead to stress, decreased morale, and increased turnover, negatively impacting overall organizational culture.

McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory

McClelland classified three human motivation needs: achievement, affiliation, and power, which influence individual behavior in professional settings.

Acquisition of Needs

According to McClelland, needs are acquired through experience and socialization rather than being innate.

Comparison to Maslow's Theory

The main difference between McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs is that McClelland's framework focuses on learned needs rather than a fixed hierarchy.

Factors Influencing Acquisition of Needs

McClelland emphasized that personal experiences and cultural factors play significant roles in influencing the acquisition of needs.

Specific Events in Need Development

In McClelland's theory, specific events and experiences serve as catalysts for shaping an individual's desires and motivations within their professional life.

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Description

Explore the concept of Administrative Principles in Classical Organization Theory, focusing on the importance of addressing the social needs of workers and understanding group dynamics within an organization. Learn about the historical perspectives that shaped early organizational theories.