Administration of Supplemental Oxygen in Viral Respiratory Infections

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason why healthcare providers see more respiratory infections than any other type of infection?

Respiratory system is more prone to infections

Which part of the respiratory system is more susceptible to infections that are dangerous and difficult to treat?

Lower respiratory tract

What is the main difference between the upper and lower respiratory tracts?

Structures and functions

What is the primary characteristic of the lower respiratory tract?

It is essentially a sterile environment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of upper respiratory tract infections?

They are fairly common and usually nothing more than an irritation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason why respiratory infections are more common in the upper respiratory tract?

The upper respiratory tract is continuously exposed to potential pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the respiratory system includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx?

Upper respiratory tract Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between upper and lower respiratory tract infections?

The severity of the infection Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mode of transmission of parainfluenza virus?

Respiratory droplets Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common manifestation of parainfluenza virus infection in children?

Croup (laryngotracheobroncitis) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following laboratory tests is used to detect parainfluenza virus?

Immunofluorescence Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment approach for parainfluenza virus infection?

Supportive care with plenty of rest and fluids Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following viruses is a common cause of acute viral infections of the lower respiratory tract?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the incubation period of viral infections of the lower respiratory tract?

1 to 4 days Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of parainfluenza virus replication?

Replication in the cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common complication of parainfluenza virus infection in infants and small children?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the lack of an effective vaccine against parainfluenza virus?

Large number of serotypes Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended treatment approach for severe cases of croup?

Admission to hospital with oxygen supply Signup and view all the answers

What is the treatment option for infants with severe RSV infection?

Aerosolised ribavirin Signup and view all the answers

Which protein of RSV does Palivizumab target?

Fusion protein Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of RSV immunoglobulin in infants?

To prevent severe RSV disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for RSV infection?

Antiviral medication Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Palivizumab in RSV infection?

Inhibiting RSV entry into the cell Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used to treat infants at risk of severe disease?

RSV immunoglobulin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory Viral Infections

No vaccine is available for RSV, but Palivizumab can be used to protect infants at risk of severe RSV disease.
Aerosolised ribavirin can be used for infants with severe infection, and for those at risk of severe disease.

The Respiratory System

The respiratory system is divided into two tracts: upper and lower.
The upper respiratory tract includes the nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx, and infections are fairly common, usually just an irritation.
The lower respiratory tract includes the lungs and bronchi, and infections are more dangerous and can be very difficult to treat.

Upper Respiratory Tract (URT) vs Lower Respiratory Tract (LRT)

The upper respiratory tract is continuously exposed to potential pathogens.
The lower respiratory tract is essentially a sterile environment.

Influenza

No specific therapy or treatment is available.
Treatment involves plenty of rest, lots of fluid to relieve symptoms, but no antibiotics.
Lab diagnosis involves detection of antigen, virus isolation, and serology testing.

Parainfluenza

Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets, with an incubation period of 7-10 days.
Clinical manifestations include croup (laryngotracheobroncitis), bronchiolitis, and pneumonia.
No specific antiviral chemotherapy is available, and severe cases of croup should be admitted to hospital and oxygen supply given.

Viral Infections of the Lower Respiratory Tract

The majority of acute viral infections are in the lower respiratory tract and caused by influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus.
Common characteristics of infection include a short incubation period of 1 to 4 days, and transmission from person to person through direct or indirect means.

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