Addressing Modes in CPU Architecture
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Questions and Answers

In which addressing mode is the operand accessed directly from a specified register?

  • Direct Addressing Mode
  • Register Indirect Addressing Mode
  • Base Addressing Mode
  • Register Direct Addressing Mode (correct)

    • How is the effective address determined in Displacement Addressing Mode?

  • By accessing a memory location directly
  • By using the content of a register plus a fixed offset (correct)
  • By adding the program counter to the displacement
  • By referring to the stack pointer

    • Which addressing mode is particularly effective for accessing data in arrays or tables?

  • Relative Addressing Mode
  • Indirect Addressing Mode
  • Index Addressing Mode (correct)
  • Stack Addressing Mode

    • What distinguishes Relative Addressing Mode from other addressing modes?

    <p>It calculates the address based on the program counter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which addressing mode uses a base register to calculate the effective address?

    <p>Base Addressing Mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the Stack Addressing Mode?

    <p>To store and retrieve data in a last-in, first-out manner</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Direct Addressing Mode, what kind of operand address is specified in the instruction?

    <p>A numerical address explicitly defined in the instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic defines Indirect Addressing Mode?

    <p>The effective address is not known until the instruction is executed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of addressing modes in computer operations?

    <p>To determine how to access data during execution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes immediate addressing used in variable initialization?

    <p>The values are directly included in the instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the example provided, which addressing mode is utilized when executing 'LOAD x, AC'?

    <p>Direct addressing mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the value of 'sum' after executing 'STORE sum, AC'?

    <p>It is updated with the value from the accumulator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes indirect addressing mode?

    <p>It accesses values through calculated memory addresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If PC = 202, what does this signify in regards to program execution?

    <p>The next instruction to be executed is located at address 202</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When ADD R1, R2 is executed, which addressing mode has been applied to R1 and R2?

    <p>Register addressing mode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which additional purpose do addressing modes serve beyond accessing data?

    <p>Optimizing program performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the immediate addressing mode allow for in instruction execution?

    <p>Directly including values in the instruction itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes unconditional branching?

    <p>It always jumps to a specified address without any conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes conditional execution in program flow control?

    <p>It allows deviations in execution based on specified conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of looping in instruction execution?

    <p>To repeatedly execute a block of code based on certain criteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly defines a subroutine in programming?

    <p>A separate block of code that performs a specific task and can be called upon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of using different addressing modes in programming?

    <p>They allow for efficient program performance and memory utilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of branch allows execution to jump only if a specific condition evaluates to true?

    <p>Conditional Branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of sequential execution in processing instructions?

    <p>The execution strictly follows the instruction order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key function of a complete instruction set?

    <p>It must perform data processing, control flow, and data transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of instruction in an instruction set?

    <p>Network Instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Program Counter (PC) in a CPU?

    <p>To track the address of the next instruction to be fetched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do functional instructions primarily deal with?

    <p>Directly manipulating data values through operations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a purpose of the Instruction Register (IR)?

    <p>To store the current instruction while being decoded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instruction type is responsible for moving data between components in a system?

    <p>Transfer Instructions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes special-purpose registers from general-purpose registers?

    <p>Special-purpose registers hold specific flags or status conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of CPU operation, what does Register Transfer Notation (RTN) describe?

    <p>The symbolic representation of data movement between registers and memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Program Counter (PC) in the instruction cycle?

    <p>To track the address of the next instruction to be fetched.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of the instruction cycle involves interpreting the instruction and identifying the operation to perform?

    <p>Decode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Von Neumann architecture, what role does RAM play?

    <p>Stores both instructions and data for the CPU.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of a pointer in programming?

    <p>To store the address of a data location.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the Calculate Effective Address phase of the instruction cycle?

    <p>It determines the actual memory location needed for accessing the operand if necessary.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does indirection benefit program performance?

    <p>It allows access to data without prior knowledge of its address.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which register holds the data being transferred to or from memory in a computer?

    <p>Memory Data Register (MDR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does indexing refer to in the context of data structures?

    <p>Accessing elements within an array or a data structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Addressing Modes

    • Addressing modes describe how the CPU finds data in memory or registers.
    • Register Direct Addressing Mode: Data is directly accessed from a register. This is fast.
    • Register Indirect Addressing Mode: A register holds the memory address of the data. This allows accessed locations to be moved without changing code.
    • Displacement Addressing Mode The address of the data is calculated by adding a fixed offset to a register value. This helps access data near a known location.
    • Relative Addressing Mode The address of the data is calculated by adding a fixed offset to the program counter. This helps access data near the current instruction.
    • Base Addressing Mode: The address of the data is calculated by adding a fixed offset to a base register. Useful for accessing data in specific areas of memory.
    • Index Addressing Mode: The address of the data is calculated by adding a fixed offset to an index register. This is useful for accessing elements within arrays.
    • Direct Addressing Mode: The address of the data is explicitly mentioned in the instruction, which is simple but limiting.
    • Indirect Addressing Mode: The address of the data is stored in a memory location, allowing for data accessed through a pointer.
    • Stack Addressing Mode: Data is accessed from a stack, which follows a last-in, first-out (LIFO) order, commonly used for temporary data storage during function calls.

    Instruction Execution Sequencing

    • Sequential Execution: Instructions are executed in the order they appear in the program.
    • Conditional Execution: The control flow can change based on specific conditions.
    • Looping: Instructions are repeated based on specific criteria, allowing for repetitive tasks.

    Branching

    • Branching alters the normal flow of instructions, allowing the program to jump to different parts of the code.
    • Unconditional Branch: Always jumps to a new instruction.
    • Conditional Branch: Jumps to a new instruction only if a condition is met.
    • Subroutine Call: Jumps to a subroutine designed for a specific task.

    Instruction Set Completeness

    • A complete instruction set allows a computer to:
      • Data Processing: Perform operations on data.
      • Control Flow: Control the execution order of instructions.
      • Data Transfer: Move data between memory, registers, and I/O devices.

    Instruction Types

    • Functional: Operations directly manipulate data values (addition, subtraction, logical operations).
    • Transfer: Operations move data between memory, registers, and I/O devices.
    • Control: Operations control the order of execution (branching, looping).
    • Input/Output: Operations enable communication with external devices.

    Processor Registers

    • Processor registers are fast temporary storage within the CPU, enabling fast data manipulation.
    • Accumulator: Used for storing data values in arithmetic operations.
    • Instruction Register: Holds the instruction being processed.
    • Program Counter: Tracks the address of the next instruction.
    • General-Purpose Registers: Flexible registers used for various purposes.
    • Special-Purpose Registers: Registers with specific functions (status conditions, memory addressing).

    Register Transfer Notation (RTN)

    • RTN is a symbolic notation used to describe data movement between registers, memory, and I/O devices.

    Instruction Cycle

    • Instruction Cycle: The four steps involved in executing a single instruction.
      • Fetch: Retrieve the instruction from memory.
      • Decode: Interpret the instruction.
      • Calculate Effective Address: Determine the actual memory location for data access.
      • Execute: Perform the specified operation on the data.

    The Von Neumann Architecture

    • The Von Neumann architecture is the core design of modern computers.
    • CPU: Executes instructions and performs computational operations.
    • Memory: Stores instructions and data.
    • I/O Devices: Allow communication with the external environment.

    Indirection & Pointers

    • Indirection: Using a memory location to store the address of another memory location, allowing for indirect data access.
    • Pointer: A variable that stores the address of a data location, enabling indirect access.

    Indexing and Arrays

    • Indexing: Accessing elements within an array by using their index (position).

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    Description

    This quiz explores various addressing modes utilized by the CPU to locate data in memory. It covers key concepts like direct, indirect, displacement, and relative addressing modes, among others. Perfect for students studying computer architecture or assembly language.

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