Computer Architecture and Instruction Fields Quiz

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Questions and Answers

According to Flynn's Taxonomy, how are computer architectures classified?

  • Based on the manufacturer and year of production
  • Based on the number of instructions that can be executed and how they operate on data (correct)
  • Based on the speed of processors and size of data streams
  • Based on the color and shape of the computer hardware

What is the crux of parallel processing according to the text?

  • Memory modules
  • CPUs (correct)
  • Operating systems
  • Input/output devices

In Flynn's Taxonomy, what does SIMD stand for?

  • Single Input, Multiple Devices
  • Single Information, Multiple Devices
  • Single Instruction, Multiple Data (correct)
  • Several Instructions, Multiple Data

What is the key factor used to classify computing systems into four major categories?

<p>Number of instruction and data streams processed simultaneously (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which addressing mode is being used in the instruction 'AC $\leftarrow$ M[ADR]'?

<p>Direct address (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mnemonic 'SHRA' represent?

<p>Arithmetic shift right (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of instruction would you find the mnemonic 'COM'?

<p>Logical and bit manipulation instructions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'C' flag in the processor status register (PSR)?

<p>Indicates carry out of the ALU (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mnemonic 'ADDC' stand for?

<p>Add with Carry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instruction type includes the mnemonic 'MUL'?

<p>Arithmetic instructions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the mnemonic 'ROL' represent?

<p>Rotate left (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the 'S' flag in the processor status register (PSR)?

<p>Sign bit of the ALU's output (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the CPU is responsible for directing information flow through the ALU by selecting various components and functions?

<p>Control unit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of notation is suitable for stack manipulation and evaluation of arithmetic expressions?

<p>Reverse Polish Notation (RPN) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organization is beneficial for nested subroutines and efficient arithmetic expression evaluation?

<p>Stack organization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the storage components of the CPU?

<p>Registers and flags (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of register is used for faster data transfer within the processor in modern CPUs?

<p>General-purpose registers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of notation encodes ALU operations with specific symbols for arithmetic and logical computations?

<p>Infix Notation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory organization includes program, data, and stack segments?

<p>Memory stack organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the execution components of the CPU?

<p>ALU for arithmetic, logical computations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of notation is generally used for arithmetic expression evaluation in computer architecture?

<p>Infix Notation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of the stack organization in processors?

<p>Beneficial for nested subroutines and efficient arithmetic expression evaluation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the stack pointer register in memory stack organization?

<p>To keep track of the top of the stack (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of register is generally used for arithmetic and logical computations in processors?

<p>ALU register (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does SIMD stand for in Flynn's Taxonomy of Parallel Computing Architectures?

<p>Single Instruction, Multiple Data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of parallel computer is the most common according to Flynn's Taxonomy?

<p>MIMD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of SISD architecture?

<p>Uses only one instruction and data stream (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which architecture uses a single instruction for all processing units and operates on different data elements?

<p>SIMD (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two varieties for SIMD architecture?

<p>Processor Arrays and Vector Pipelines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does MIMD stand for in the context of parallel computing architectures?

<p>Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of parallel computer can have distributed memory or shared memory according to Flynn's Taxonomy?

<p>MIMD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characteristics classify the pattern of connections between processors in parallel computing architectures?

<p>System topologies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Flynn's Taxonomy, which architecture uses a single instruction for all processing units and operates on different data elements?

<p>SIMD (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the least common type of parallel computer architecture according to Flynn's Taxonomy?

<p>MISD (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which architecture is prevalent in PCs and single CPU workstations according to Flynn's Taxonomy?

<p>SISD (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do system topologies classify in the context of parallel computing architectures?

<p>Pattern of connections between processors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which addressing mode specifies the operand itself?

<p>Immediate mode (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which CPU organization are one-address instructions commonly utilized?

<p>Single accumulator organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do autoincrement or autodecrement modes do when used to access memory?

<p>They automatically adjust the memory address (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which addressing mode allows large physical memory to be addressed with a relatively small number of bits?

<p>Indirect addressing mode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many address fields are involved in two-address instructions?

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which instruction format depends on the internal organization of the CPU?

<p>Number of address fields (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the OP-code field in the instruction format?

<p>Specify the operation to be performed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CPU organization involves an implied AC register for all data manipulation?

<p>Single accumulator organization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the stack organization primarily use for data manipulation?

<p>Stack pointer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which addressing mode involves a designated register to calculate the address of the operand?

<p>Indexed Addressing Mode (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinguishing feature of three-address instructions compared to two-address instructions?

<p>Additional operand field (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which addressing mode specifies the register address for the operand?

<p>Register mode (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Flynn's Taxonomy classification

Classified Based on number of instructions and how they operate on data

SIMD meaning

Single Instruction, Multiple Data

Classifying computing systems

Number of instruction and data streams processed simultaneously

SHRA meaning

Arithmetic shift right

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COM instruction type

Logical and bit manipulation instructions

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C flag purpose

Indicates carry out of the ALU

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ADDC meaning

Add with Carry

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MUL instruction type

Arithmetic instructions

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ROL meaning

Rotate left

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S flag purpose

Sign bit of the ALU's output

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Directs ALU information flow

Control unit

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Notation for stack manipulation

Reverse Polish Notation (RPN)

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Beneficial for Nested subroutines

Stack organization

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CPU Storage Components

Registers and flags

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Faster data transfer register

General-purpose registers

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ALU operations encoding

Infix Notation

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Memory stack organization

Program, data, and stack segments

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CPU execution components

ALU for arithmetic, logical computations

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Arithmetic expression evaluation

Infix Notation

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Stack pointer register purpose

To keep track of the top of the stack

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SIMD meaning

Single Instruction, Multiple Data

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MIMD meaning

Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data

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SISD Characteristic

Uses only one instruction and data stream

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SIMD two varieties

Processor Arrays and Vector Pipelines

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System topologies

Pattern of connections between processors

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Operand specified

Immediate mode

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One-address instructions usage

Single accumulator organization

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Autoincrement/decrement

Automatically adjust the memory address

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OP-code primary purpose

Specify the operation to be performed

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Designated register calculating address

Indexed Addressing Mode

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Study Notes

Computer Architecture and Instruction Fields

  • The common bus system instruction fields include the OP-code, Address, and Mode fields that specify the operation to be performed, memory addresses, and address interpretation, respectively.
  • The number of address fields in the instruction format depends on the internal organization of the CPU.
  • The three most common CPU organizations are single accumulator organization, general register organization, and stack organization.
  • Two-address instructions involve OP, AD1, and AD2 fields, while three-address instructions involve OP, AD1, AD2, and AD3 fields.
  • One-address instructions utilize an implied AC register for all data manipulation.
  • Zero-address instructions are found in stack-organized computers and involve operations like PUSH, ADD, MUL, and POP.
  • Addressing modes specify rules for interpreting or modifying the address field of the instruction before the operand is referenced.
  • The types of addressing modes include implied mode, immediate mode, register mode, register indirect mode, autoincrement or autodecrement mode, direct address mode, indirect addressing mode, and relative addressing modes.
  • Immediate mode specifies the operand itself, while register mode specifies the register address for the operand.
  • Autoincrement or autodecrement mode automatically increments or decrements the value in the register when used to access memory.
  • Indirect addressing mode specifies the address of a memory location containing the address of the operand, allowing large physical memory to be addressed with a relatively small number of bits.
  • Relative addressing modes include PC Relative Addressing Mode, Indexed Addressing Mode, and Base Register Addressing Mode, each depending on a designated register to calculate the address of the operand.

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