Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is indicated by an instruction containing an immediate operand?
What is indicated by an instruction containing an immediate operand?
- The operand is located in a direct address.
- The operand is found in a memory address.
- The operand is the value itself specified in the instruction. (correct)
- The operand address is indirectly specified.
In which addressing mode does the instruction code specify the address of a memory word that contains the operand's address?
In which addressing mode does the instruction code specify the address of a memory word that contains the operand's address?
- Indirect addressing (correct)
- Immediate addressing
- Register addressing
- Direct addressing
What is a complete instruction set defined by?
What is a complete instruction set defined by?
- Including a range of arithmetic, logic, and control instructions (correct)
- Focusing solely on processor register manipulations
- Having at least one instruction for every operation
- Containing only input and output instructions
What determines if an instruction is a register-reference type or an input-output type?
What determines if an instruction is a register-reference type or an input-output type?
What does the mode field in an instruction specify?
What does the mode field in an instruction specify?
What does the value of the bit 'I' signify in a memory reference instruction?
What does the value of the bit 'I' signify in a memory reference instruction?
What is a primary purpose of processor registers in a CPU?
What is a primary purpose of processor registers in a CPU?
Which of the following instructions is recognized by the opcode '111' with a 0 in the leftmost bit?
Which of the following instructions is recognized by the opcode '111' with a 0 in the leftmost bit?
What must the three operation code bits in positions 12 through 14 be for the instruction to be classified as a specific type?
What must the three operation code bits in positions 12 through 14 be for the instruction to be classified as a specific type?
Which instruction category is primarily responsible for changing the execution sequence of a program?
Which instruction category is primarily responsible for changing the execution sequence of a program?
How do processor registers contribute to instruction execution?
How do processor registers contribute to instruction execution?
What is the primary purpose of the operation code (opcode) field in an instruction?
What is the primary purpose of the operation code (opcode) field in an instruction?
What do memory locations consist of in a computer's memory?
What do memory locations consist of in a computer's memory?
When using direct addressing, what does the instruction code's address field specify?
When using direct addressing, what does the instruction code's address field specify?
Which statement is true regarding the number of address fields in an instruction?
Which statement is true regarding the number of address fields in an instruction?
What occurs if the three operation code bits in positions 12 through 14 do not equal 111?
What occurs if the three operation code bits in positions 12 through 14 do not equal 111?
Which of the following best defines the role of registers in the context of computer memory?
Which of the following best defines the role of registers in the context of computer memory?
What is the size of the operation code part in the instruction format discussed?
What is the size of the operation code part in the instruction format discussed?
Which instruction type uses 12 bits to specify the address and 1 bit for the addressing mode?
Which instruction type uses 12 bits to specify the address and 1 bit for the addressing mode?
What type of data can be held by a processor register?
What type of data can be held by a processor register?
What must be true for data to be effectively processed by the computer?
What must be true for data to be effectively processed by the computer?
In what manner do input and output instructions function in a computer system?
In what manner do input and output instructions function in a computer system?
Study Notes
Operand Addressing Modes
- Operand of effective address is determined through a mode field.
- Instruction lengths vary and can contain different numbers of addresses based on CPU configuration.
- Operand addressing can be immediate, direct, or indirect.
Computer Registers
- Registers are a form of high-speed memory for immediate data and instruction handling by the CPU.
- Processor registers can store instructions, addresses, or any data types, including characters.
- Registers enable data manipulation and compute addresses for upcoming instructions.
Load Instruction (LD)
- Registers receive data from a common bus based on which register's LD input is activated during the clock pulse transition.
Computer Instructions
- Basic computers utilize three instruction code formats with a total of 16 bits: 3 bits for opcode and 13 bits for operation specification.
Instruction Code Formats
-
Memory Reference Instruction:
- 12 bits specify memory address.
- 1 bit indicates addressing mode (0 for direct, 1 for indirect).
-
Register Reference Instruction:
- Identified by opcode 111 and begins with 0.
- Remaining bits denote operation to execute.
-
Input-Output Instruction:
- Recognized by opcode 111 beginning with 1.
- Other bits specify the specific I/O operation.
Instruction Format Components
- Includes an operation code field for the operation to perform.
- Contains an address field for designating memory addresses or registers.
- Opcode bits in positions 12-14 should equal 111; bit 15 indicates the type of instruction (register or input-output).
Instruction Set Completeness
- A complete instruction set covers:
- Arithmetic, logical, and shift instructions.
- Instructions for transferring data between memory and registers.
- Program control and status-checking instructions.
- Input/Output instructions facilitating user interaction.
Memory Structure
- Memory comprises millions of storage cells (flip-flops) capable of holding a single bit (0 or 1).
- A collection of bits forms a word of information, defined by a specific word length (n).
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the concepts of computer registers and the various modes of effective address determination. Learn how instructions of different lengths and address fields impact the CPU's performance and organization. Test your knowledge of key terms and their applications in computer architecture.
