Adaptations in Energy Systems and Enzymes

Endurance training increases both the production and removal systems of lactate. The trained person has less lactate in their body, indicating a decrease in production and an increase in removal.

The lactate threshold is the exercise intensity at which lactate production exceeds lactate removal, resulting in a rapid increase in blood lactate levels. Trained individuals have a higher lactate threshold compared to untrained individuals.

Higher weight during resistance exercise leads to less lactate production since the main energy system being used shifts from glycolysis to the phosphocreatine (PCr) system.

<p>30 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Q = SV \times HR</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac output increases with increasing intensity, which is dependent on the demands of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A higher concentration of lactate at the end of exercise leads to a faster rate of recovery. For example, if an athlete has a high concentration of lactate at the end of exercise, they will experience a quicker decrease in lactate levels compared to an athlete with a lower initial concentration of lactate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jogging during the recovery period contributes to faster lactate removal because it helps maintain blood flow throughout the body and to the muscles. This promotes the transportation of lactate out of the muscles into the liver through the Cori cycle. From the liver, lactate is then taken out through the bloodstream into the heart, facilitating its removal from the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rate of lactate recovery during the resting phase is influenced by the intensity of exercise and the activity performed during recovery. For example, exercising at a lower intensity (30-40% cycling) results in slower lactate recovery compared to jogging at a higher intensity (55-70%). Additionally, massage/stretching has minimal impact on lactate recovery as it does not significantly affect blood flow, whereas active recovery can lower blood lactate levels due to increased blood circulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sprint training leads to a faster rate of ATP hydrolysis and increased activity of ATPases and ATP regeneration enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates are the primary fuel source at high power output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>With training, the transport of glucose into cells is increased through the stimulation of GLUT-4 by insulin or exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism and glycolysis show adaptations with training, such as increased activity of glycogen phosphorylase and LDH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continuous jogging</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher initial concentration of lactate at the end of exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>55-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improved transport (MCT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>180 m/min</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The glycolytic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protein has little involvement in energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased activity of glycogen phosphorylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$2 + (2 \times 1.5) + (2 \times 2.5) + (6 \times 2.5) + (2 \times 1.5)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deliver nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>$Q = SV \times HR$</p> Signup and view all the answers