Adaptations in Energy Systems and Enzymes

Which enzyme is involved in the breakdown of pyruvate in carbohydrate metabolism?

Which neurohormone is responsible for increased hormonal activity after training?

What type of muscle fibers are mostly used in resistance exercise?

Which of the following activities during the recovery period is associated with faster lactate recovery?

What is the approximate time it takes for lactate to be 50% recovered after exercise?

Which of the following factors can contribute to a faster lactate recovery?

Which energy system shows a massive increase in sprint training?

Which fuel source is primarily utilized at high power output?

What is the primary function of protein in energy production?

What adaptations occur with training in terms of enzyme activity?

Which energy system produces the most ATP per glucose molecule?

What is the formula for calculating cardiac output?

What is the total amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute at rest?

Adaptations in Energy Systems and Enzymes with Training

The intensity of the workout affects the adaptations in the energy systems and enzymes.
Sprint training leads to a faster rate of ATP hydrolysis and increased activity of ATPases and ATP regeneration enzymes.
Sprinters have higher levels of ATP and total creatine compared to endurance athletes.
Aerobic system does not respond well to 5-second sprints, but the glycolytic system shows a massive increase in sprint training.
Carbohydrates are the primary fuel source at high power output, while fats are utilized more at lower intensities.
With training, the transport of glucose into cells is increased through the stimulation of GLUT-4 by insulin or exercise.
Trained individuals have higher glycogen levels, which allows them to exercise at higher intensities or for longer durations.
Trained individuals are better able to utilize lactate as fuel.
Protein has little involvement in energy production, but there is increased alanine production in the liver for gluconeogenesis.
Enzymes involved in glycogen metabolism and glycolysis show adaptations with training, such as increased activity of glycogen phosphorylase and LDH.
Training increases mitochondrial volume, enzyme activity, and myoglobin concentration, enhancing the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation and oxygen transport.
ATP production remains the same from fuels, but there is an increased storage of ATP and PCr, resulting in less depletion of PCr during exercise.