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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is true about lactate threshold?
Which of the following is true about lactate threshold?
- Lactate threshold is the point at which lactate begins to accumulate exponentially above resting threshold. (correct)
- Lactate threshold is the point at which lactate levels start to decrease after exercise.
- Lactate threshold is the point at which lactate levels decrease when you stop exercising.
- Lactate threshold is the point at which lactate levels reach a steady state during exercise.
Which of the following is NOT true about MLSS (Maximal Lactate Steady State)?
Which of the following is NOT true about MLSS (Maximal Lactate Steady State)?
- MLSS shows a continual increase in lactate at a maintaining level.
- MLSS is indicated by less than 1 mmol/L increase in lactate after initial rise.
- MLSS is the same thing as lactate threshold. (correct)
- MLSS is the highest workload that can be maintained over time without continual increase in lactate.
What is the relationship between lactate levels and swimming speed during maximal lactate steady state swimming?
What is the relationship between lactate levels and swimming speed during maximal lactate steady state swimming?
- Lactate levels decrease with increasing swimming speed and reach a steady state after a certain point.
- Lactate levels decrease with increasing swimming speed and continue to decrease without reaching a steady state.
- Lactate levels increase with increasing swimming speed and continue to increase without reaching a steady state.
- Lactate levels increase with increasing swimming speed and reach a steady state after a certain point. (correct)
What is the effect of massage/stretching on blood lactate levels during recovery?
What is the effect of massage/stretching on blood lactate levels during recovery?
Which energy source is primarily used at high power output during exercise?
Which energy source is primarily used at high power output during exercise?
Which enzyme is the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis?
Which enzyme is the rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis?
What is the main limitation of fatty acids as a fuel source?
What is the main limitation of fatty acids as a fuel source?
What happens to glycogen stores with training?
What happens to glycogen stores with training?
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol?
Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol?
Which molecule is used as an overall marker for whole body fat oxidation?
Which molecule is used as an overall marker for whole body fat oxidation?
What is the main transporter for free fatty acids in the blood?
What is the main transporter for free fatty acids in the blood?
What is the process by which triglycerides are broken down into free fatty acids and glycerol called?
What is the process by which triglycerides are broken down into free fatty acids and glycerol called?
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Study Notes
Adaptations in Energy Systems and Enzymes with Training
- Intensity of the workout affects the decrease in PCr (phosphocreatine) after training.
- Sprint training leads to a faster rate of ATP hydrolysis and increased activity of ATPases and ATP regeneration enzymes.
- Sprinters have higher levels of ATP and total creatine compared to endurance athletes.
- Carbohydrates are the primary fuel source at high power output, while fats are utilized more at lower intensities.
- Training increases the capacity of GLUT-4 transporters, allowing for more efficient glucose uptake into muscle cells.
- Trained individuals have higher glycogen stores and use them less, saving them for higher intensity or longer duration exercise.
- Lactate is better utilized as fuel in trained individuals, particularly in type 2 muscle fibers.
- Fatty acids have limitations in blood availability and oxidizing capacity as a fuel source.
- Protein has minimal involvement in energy production, but increased alanine production and removal occur during exercise.
- Enzyme adaptations include increased activity of glycogen phosphorylase, PFK (rate-limiting enzyme in glycolysis), and LDH (lactate dehydrogenase).
- Training increases mitochondrial volume and enzyme concentration, particularly in subsarcolemmal mitochondria.
- Myoglobin levels increase with training, enhancing the capacity for oxygen transport and oxidative phosphorylation.
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