Acute Kidney Injury Causes and Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a detrimental effect of sustained elevations or abnormally large increases in cytosolic free Ca2+?

  • Facilitation of ROS formation and damage in mitochondria
  • Inhibition of membrane transporters (correct)
  • Impairment of membrane function
  • Activation of degradative Ca2+-dependent enzymes
  • What is believed to induce cellular injury through the release of lysosomal enzymes and toxicants into the cytoplasm?

  • Sustained elevations in cytosolic free Ca2+
  • Rupture of lysosomes (correct)
  • Inhibition of energy production
  • Increased ion permeability
  • Which of the following is NOT a key subcellular target of aminoglycosides, unleaded gasoline, and d-limonene?

  • Mitochondria
  • Endoplasmic reticulum
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Lysosomes (correct)
  • Which of the following enzyme families hydrolyzes phospholipids, potentially impairing membrane function?

    <p>Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of the loss of ATP, which results in the inhibition of membrane transporters that maintain internal ion balance?

    <p>Inhibition of energy production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is NOT mentioned in the passage as being activated by an increase in cytosolic free Ca2+?

    <p>Endonucleases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about mitochondria is NOT true, according to the passage?

    <p>Mitochondria play a major role in normal cellular Ca2+ regulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which toxicants disrupt cell volume and ion homeostasis, according to the passage?

    <p>Both A and B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the distribution of Ca2+ in renal cells is true, according to the passage?

    <p>The distribution of Ca2+ in renal cells is complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is NOT true, based on the information provided in the passage?

    <p>Proteinases and calpains are not Ca2+-dependent enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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