Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which medication is typically administered for hyperkalemia?
What condition are patients with nephrotic syndrome most likely to develop?
Which intra-renal cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) is most commonly identified?
What is a key sign of fluid overload in patients with AKI?
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Post-renal acute kidney injury (AKI) is primarily caused by what condition?
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What is the minimum urine output defined as anuria?
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Which of the following is a symptom of acute glomerulonephritis?
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What is a primary cause of nephrotic syndrome?
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What phase of acute kidney injury involves decreased urine output?
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Which management strategy is crucial in handling electrolyte imbalances in acute kidney injury?
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What is a common complication associated with acute kidney injury?
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Which indicator is considered the most accurate for assessing fluid loss or gain in an acutely ill patient?
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What complication should a patient in the diuresis phase of acute kidney injury be closely monitored for?
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What is one risk associated with postoperative care in kidney surgery?
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Which medication is commonly used to treat hyperkalemia in acute kidney injury?
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Which lab finding is indicative of exacerbation in chronic glomerulonephritis?
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Which phase of acute kidney injury is identified by a drastic reduction in urine output?
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What is a key nursing diagnosis associated with nephrotic syndrome?
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What is the common cause of postinfectious glomerular disease in adolescents?
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What would likely result from severe crushing injuries in relation to kidney function?
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What vital signs should be monitored for bleeding in a postoperative kidney surgery patient?
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Study Notes
Acute Kidney Injury, Glomerulonephritis, Nephrotic Syndrome
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Key Terms and Concepts
- Oliguria: Urine output less than 400 mL/day
- Anuria: Urine output less than 50 mL/day
- Bladder capacity: Typically 400-600 mL
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Types of Renal Health Challenges
- Glomerulonephritis: Inflammation of glomerular capillaries
- Nephrotic Syndrome: Increased glomerular permeability causing protein loss
- Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Rapid decline in renal function
- Chronic and End-Stage Renal Failure: Progressive loss of kidney function
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Glomerular Diseases
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Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Causes: Post-infection, lupus nephritis, diabetic nephropathy
- Symptoms: Hematuria, edema, azotemia, proteinuria, hypertension
- Management: Antibiotics, corticosteroids, supportive care
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Chronic Glomerulonephritis
- Causes: Repeated acute glomerulonephritis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia
- Symptoms: Fixed specific gravity in urine, proteinuria, electrolyte imbalances
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Nephrotic Syndrome
- Symptoms: Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema
- Causes: Diabetes, lupus, renal vein thrombosis
- Management: Drug and dietary therapy
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Acute Glomerulonephritis
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
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Causes
- Pre-renal: Reduced blood flow (hypovolemia, hypotension)
- Intra-renal: Direct kidney damage (acute tubular necrosis, diabetic nephropathy)
- Post-renal: Urinary obstruction (prostate enlargement, kidney stones)
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Causes
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Phases of AKI
- Initiation: Onset of kidney injury
- Oliguric: Decreased urine output (days to weeks)
- Diuresis: Gradual urine output increase
- Recovery: Renal function restoration (up to 12 months)
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Clinical Management and Nursing Care
- Fluid balance: Monitor intake, output, daily weights
- Electrolyte management: Manage potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus levels
- Medications: Antibiotics, diuretics, steroids, dialysis (severe cases)
- Nutritional support: Protein restriction, adequate caloric intake
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Complications
- Metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, anemia, fluid overload
- Hyperkalemia: Life-threatening if serum potassium > 5.5 mmol/L; treat with cation exchange resins (like Kayexalate)
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Postoperative Care in Kidney Surgery
- Risks: Bleeding, infection, deep vein thrombosis
- Interventions: Pain relief, deep breathing exercises, monitoring for signs of DVT
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Patient Education
- Care of drainage systems, signs of complications, follow-up care
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Practice Questions
- The most accurate indicator of fluid loss/gain in an acutely ill patient is weight.
- Hyperkalemia is more life-threatening than hypercalcemia.
- Metabolic acidosis occurs as kidney function declines below 50 mL/min.
- Severe crushing injuries can cause pronounced elevations in serum potassium and BUN in acute renal failure.
- Patients with acute glomerulonephritis may exhibit hematuria, proteinuria, edema, and hypertension.
- Post-infectious glomerulonephritis is caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection.
- A key nursing diagnosis for nephrotic syndrome is excess fluid volume.
- During AKI diuresis phase, monitor for dehydration.
- Nurses caring for ARF patients need to monitor complications, manage fluids/electrolytes, and provide emotional support.
- Assess for bleeding in postoperative kidney surgery clients by checking skin condition, level of consciousness, and urinary drainage.
- Chronic glomerulonephritis exacerbation is suggested by specific lab findings.
- Persistent hypertension and retinal changes indicate chronic kidney injury progression.
- The oliguric phase of AKI is characterized by a severe decrease in urine output.
- Hyperkalemia in kidney patients requires administering cation exchange resins.
- Nephrotic syndrome patients are at increased risk of hypoalbuminemia.
- Intra-renal AKI causes include acute tubular necrosis.
- Fluid overload in AKI is indicated by weight gain.
- Post-renal AKI is caused by urinary obstruction.
- A major complication to monitor post-kidney surgery is deep vein thrombosis.
- Symptoms of nephrotic syndrome include edema and proteinuria.
- In the AKI recovery phase, lab values typically return to baseline over months.
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Description
Test your knowledge on acute kidney injury, glomerulonephritis, and nephrotic syndrome. This quiz covers key terms, types of renal health challenges, and management strategies for these conditions. Perfect for students or healthcare professionals looking to reinforce their learning.
