16 Questions
What are the common causes of chronic renal disease?
Diabetes and hypertension
Which clinical manifestation is associated with altered potassium excretion in chronic renal disease?
Lethal arrhythmias
What symptoms may occur due to impaired metabolic waste elimination in chronic renal disease?
Neurological symptoms and coma
What can altered calcium and phosphorus levels in chronic renal disease lead to?
Bone abnormalities
Which of the following is not a common risk factor for chronic renal disease?
Anemia
What is one of the treatment measures for AKI mentioned in the text?
Monitoring urine output
Which of the following complications should a well-managed patient avoid according to the text?
Renal failure
How can patient compliance with treatment help in managing AKI?
It can prevent complications such as renal failure
Which substance should AKI patients avoid according to the text to prevent further kidney damage?
NSAIDs
What could be a necessary intervention for AKI patients who fail to respond to conservative treatment measures?
Initiating dialysis
What is the definition of oliguria in the context of acute kidney injury?
A reduction of urine output to 400 mL per day
Why do oliguric patients with acute kidney injury have an increased risk for chronic kidney disease?
If circulating fluid volume is not returned to normal
Which category of acute kidney injury causes involve direct damage to the renal system?
Intrarenal causes
How can medical management assist in the recovery of acute kidney injury?
Preventing complications
Which medication may be used in diuretic therapy for treating fluid overload in acute kidney injury?
Furosemide (Lasix)
What is the most common category of causes of acute kidney injury?
Prerenal causes
Study Notes
Chronic Renal Disease
- Common causes of chronic renal disease include diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis
- Altered potassium excretion in chronic renal disease is associated with clinical manifestations such as muscle weakness, fatigue, and cardiac arrhythmias
- Impaired metabolic waste elimination in chronic renal disease can lead to symptoms like nausea, vomiting, and changes in mental status
- Altered calcium and phosphorus levels in chronic renal disease can lead to bone disease, osteodystrophy, and calcification of soft tissues
Risk Factors and Treatment
- Common risk factors for chronic renal disease include diabetes, hypertension, family history, and obesity
- Not having a family history of kidney disease is not a common risk factor for chronic renal disease
- One treatment measure for AKI (Acute Kidney Injury) is fluid management
- Well-managed patients can avoid complications like sepsis and multi-organ failure
- Patient compliance with treatment helps in managing AKI by reducing the risk of chronic kidney disease
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
- Oliguria is defined as a urine output of less than 400ml/day in the context of acute kidney injury
- Oliguric patients with acute kidney injury have an increased risk for chronic kidney disease due to prolonged damage to the kidneys
- Intrinsic AKI causes involve direct damage to the renal system, such as acute tubular necrosis and glomerulonephritis
- Medical management can assist in the recovery of acute kidney injury by preventing further kidney damage and managing complications
- Furosemide may be used in diuretic therapy for treating fluid overload in acute kidney injury
- The most common category of causes of acute kidney injury is prerenal, which includes hypovolemia and renovascular disease
Test your knowledge on the symptoms and definitions related to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), such as rapid and progressive azotemia, oliguria, and uremia. Learn about nonoliguric cases and recovery patterns.
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