10 Questions
What is the term used to describe the extreme slowing of blood flow due to stasis, which leads to leukocytes adhering to the endothelium?
Margination
What is the result of increased vascular permeability and the escape of exudate into the perivascular space?
Fluid accumulation in interstitial tissues (inflammatory edema)
What is the immediate, transient, and reversible response caused by histamine, bradykinin, and leukotrienes that leads to endothelial contraction and widening of intercellular gaps?
Endothelial contraction
What type of protein content is typically found in exudate compared to transudate?
High protein content (> 1 gm%) in exudate and low protein content (< 1 gm%) in transudate
What is a characteristic that distinguishes exudate from transudate in terms of their tendency to coagulation?
Exudate has a positive tendency to coagulation, while transudate has a negative tendency
What are the five cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
The five cardinal signs of acute inflammation are: redness, hotness, swelling, pain, and loss of function.
What are the two main systemic manifestations that may occur in acute inflammation?
The two main systemic manifestations that may occur in acute inflammation are: fever, malaise, loss of appetite and weight, and leukocytosis (increased white blood cell count).
What is the purpose of the vascular changes that occur in acute inflammation?
The purpose of the vascular changes in acute inflammation is to dilute the toxins in the inflamed part and to supply more blood that contains leukocytes and antibodies to the area.
Explain the mechanism by which vascular changes occur during acute inflammation.
The mechanism of vascular changes in acute inflammation involves the liberation of chemical mediators (e.g. histamine, kinin) which act directly on the muscle of the arterioles, and the action of toxins and metabolites on arterioles.
What is the relationship between acute phase reactants and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in acute inflammation?
Increased levels of acute phase reactants, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), lead to an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) during acute inflammation.
Learn about the clinical signs and systemic manifestations of acute inflammation, including local signs and systemic manifestations. Understand how acute inflammation is the immediate and early response to injury.
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