Activity and Mobility Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which type of exercise involves muscle contraction without movement?

  • Isotonic
  • Isokinetic
  • Aerobic
  • Isometric (correct)

    • The somatic nervous system controls involuntary actions.

    False

    What is defined as the way we move our bodies and how we use our muscles to maintain balance, posture, and body alignment?

    Body Mechanics

    The center of gravity must be close to the base of support to increase __________.

    <p>balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of exercise with their characteristics:

    <p>Isometric = Muscle contraction without motion Isotonic = Movement of joint to promote muscle contraction Isokinetic = Movement with constant speed/strength Aerobic = Uses oxygen and is rhythmic in nature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended goal for adults in terms of moderate-intensity exercise per week?

    <p>150-300 minutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement should the nurse make to relieve a patient's shortness of breath using the orthopneic position?

    <p>Have a table beside your bed so you can sit on the bedside and rest your arms on the table.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anaerobic exercise relies on the body having sufficient oxygen.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What systems compose the autonomic nervous system?

    <p>Sympathetic and Parasympathetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Requesting assistance when repositioning a patient is an important practice in preventing injury.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one effective method for preventing injury while lifting and moving patients?

    <p>Use smooth movements when lifting and moving patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When sitting for long periods of time, keep your knees slightly lower than your _____ to promote better posture.

    <p>hips</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following guidelines for preventing injury with their descriptions:

    <p>Request assistance when repositioning a patient = Helps reduce strain on nurses Avoid twisting your spine or bending at the waist = Reduces risk of back injuries Take a break from repetitive movements every 2-3 hours = Prevents muscle fatigue Use smooth movements when lifting = Minimizes sudden force on muscles and joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for repositioning patients every 2 hours?

    <p>To prevent skin breakdown and discomfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Side rails should always be up for patient safety.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using hand/wrist splints?

    <p>To hold the hand and wrist in a neutral position to prevent contractures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients who cannot reposition themselves should be moved every ______ hours.

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the positioning devices with their uses:

    <p>Foot Board = Prevents foot drop Cradle Boots = Helps maintain foot position Trochanter Rolls = Prevents hip rotation Pillows = Relieve pressure points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cane provides the widest base of support?

    <p>Multiprong cane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Logrolling is a technique best used for keeping the patient's spine in alignment.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of pneumatic compression devices?

    <p>To enhance blood flow and prevent blood clots.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To lift safely, one should ______ their knees and keep the back straight.

    <p>bend</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the patient position with its description:

    <p>Fowler's Position = Semi-sitting position for comfort Sims Position = Lateral position with lower leg straight Prone Position = Patient lies flat on their stomach Orthopneic Position = Sitting up to assist with breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done before turning a patient in bed?

    <p>Lock the bed wheels and raise the bed height</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Compression stockings can be used to decrease swelling and prevent blood clots.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What safety measure should nursing staff take when pushing or pulling?

    <p>Widen their base of support.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients should be instructed to lead with the ______ leg when going up the stairs.

    <p>unaffected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which positioning device is used to prevent external rotation of the hips?

    <p>Trochanter rolls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Activity and Mobility

    • Activity involves bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and the nervous system.
    • The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary actions like heart rate.
      • The sympathetic nervous system ("fight or flight") increases muscle tension and pupil dilation.
      • The parasympathetic nervous system ("rest and digest") speeds up digestion.
    • The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscles.

    Body Mechanics

    • Body mechanics describe how we move using muscles for balance, posture, and alignment during tasks.
    • Body alignment (posture): Good posture maintains the spine's natural curves.
    • Balance: Proper alignment and a center of gravity close to the base of support (e.g., wider stance increases balance) are crucial.
    • Coordination requires an intact nervous system.

    Range of Motion (ROM)

    • Active range of motion (AROM): Patient moves their body actively.
    • Passive range of motion (PROM): Healthcare professional moves the patient's body.

    Activity and Exercise

    • Baseline activity encompasses daily tasks (ADLs).
    • Exercise enhances health beyond baseline activities.
    • Exercise Goals: Adults should aim for 150-300 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly (specific amounts vary by age).

    Types of Exercise

    • Isometric: Muscle contraction without movement.
    • Isotonic: Joint movement with muscle contraction.
    • Isokinetic: Movement with constant speed and resistance.
    • Aerobic: Uses oxygen during rhythmic activity.
    • Anaerobic: Requires less oxygen than the body can supply.

    Patient Concerns and Assessments

    • Patients' physical abilities vary significantly.
    • Assess patients for limitations in ROM, pain, and gait abnormalities.

    Patient Positioning

    • Immobile patients need repositioning every 2 hours to prevent skin breakdown, muscle discomfort, and contractures.
    • Adequate assistance is essential to prevent injury for both healthcare workers and patients.
    • Positioning devices (e.g., adjustable beds, pillows, side rails, trapeze bars, boots, footboards) maintain alignment, prevent contractures, and enhance comfort.
      • Pillows help maintain position and relieve pressure points.
      • Side rails should be up only when requested by patient/family, unless documented as a restraint
      • Trapeze bars aid patient movement.

    Positioning Devices for Specific Concerns

    • Foot drop prevention devices include footboards, cradle boots, and foot cradles.
    • Hand/wrist splints maintain a neutral position to prevent contractures.
    • Trochanter rolls prevent hip external rotation.

    Moving Patients in Bed

    • Moving up/down in bed: Lock bed, appropriate elevation, friction reducing device (e.g., sheet), patient arm crossing, and head lift if ability.
    • Turning in bed: Lock bed, use friction reduction device, align patient limbs and head with torso, rotate using knees/hips, assist the turn.
    • Logrolling: Special turn for spine alignment: head/shoulder and knee/hip support, pillow between knees, move in a single smooth motion.

    Patient Positions

    • Fowler's/High Fowler's: Seated positions with varying degrees of elevation.
    • Orthopneic: Sitting upright with arms supported to ease breathing.
    • Lateral (side-lying): On the side.
    • Prone: On the stomach.
    • Sims: Lying on the side with the top knee bent.
    • Supine: Lying on the back.
    • Trendelenburg: Lying back with feet elevated.
    • Reverse Trendelenburg: Lying back with head elevated.

    Patient Transfers and Ambulation

    • Assistive Devices:
      • Canes: Vary in support (single-ended, multi-pronged) for different needs. Follow proper use guidelines.
      • Crutches: Forearm or axillary, specific height and placement for support, learn proper use for up and down stairs.
      • Walkers: Lightweight frames providing support; with or without a seat for mobility challenges. Follow proper use guidelines.

    Lifting and Transferring (Nursing Staff)

    • Lifting: Bend knees, not back; engage abdominal muscles when lifting from the floor.
    • Pushing/Pulling: Widen base of support, face direction of movement; maintain proper positioning for both lifting, pushing, and pulling.

    Compression Stockings and Devices

    • Compression stockings: Prevent blood clots and improve venous return. Tight but comfortable.
    • Pneumatic compression devices (SCDs): Improve blood flow after surgery or other procedures and prevent thrombosis.

    Knowledge Check Answers

    • Orthopneic position: Option C (sitting upright with arm support).
    • Preventing nursing injuries: Options A, B, D, and E—request assistance, avoid twisting, use smooth movements, and take breaks.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of activity, body mechanics, and range of motion. This quiz covers essential concepts such as the autonomic and somatic nervous systems, body alignment, balance, and coordination. Enhance your knowledge of how these elements contribute to overall mobility.

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