Nursing Chapter 8: Body Mechanics Flashcards

Questions and Answers

When picking up the emesis basin, which movement demonstrates proper body mechanics by the nurse?

The nurse keeps the legs straight and flexes at the waist

The nurse flexes the knees and bends at the waist

The nurse bends from the waist and hips

The nurse lowers the body by flexing the knees and bending the hips (correct)

What do maintaining a wide base of support and facing the patient in the direction of movement allow the nurse to do?

Use back muscles

Exert less physical effort (correct)

Use the gluteal muscles

Use large muscles across the scapula

What is the primary purpose of repositioning a patient and placing pillows for support?

Maintaining the patient's comfort

Ensuring the patient's proper body alignment (correct)

Keeping the patient in the desired position for at least 2 hours

Preventing the patient from development of contractures

What patient position best allows insertion of the Foley catheter?

Dorsal recumbent Signup and view all the answers

What position should the nurse document the patient as being in after assisting with breathing?

Orthopneic Signup and view all the answers

Which response about the log-rolling technique is accurate?

It is important to keep your neck and spine in straight alignment while we help you move onto your side. Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be performed first when moving a dependent patient from the supine to the lateral position?

Explain to the patient what actions the nurse and UAP are going to perform Signup and view all the answers

What is the best response by the nurse when a patient is uncomfortable and does not want to move?

The nurse should assess the patient's need for pain medication before helping her change position. Signup and view all the answers

Which activity demonstrated principles of good body mechanics?

Maintaining a wide base of support and bending at the knees Signup and view all the answers

Which actions should be taken to prevent injury when a patient becomes faint?

The nurse should call for assistance Signup and view all the answers

What nursing diagnosis related to safety applies to a patient immobilized for 5 days?

Risk for activity intolerance Signup and view all the answers

In which position is the patient lying face/chest down?

Prone Signup and view all the answers

What is a necessary safety precaution when helping a patient with an unsteady gait to ambulate?

Have at least 2 people present to assist the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is a major benefit of active ROM procedures?

Preventing atrophy of muscle near the joints Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct terminology for foot drop?

Plantar flexion of the foot Signup and view all the answers

When using a lift sheet to assist in moving a patient up in bed, what should the nurse ask the patient to do?

Maintain a straight body position Signup and view all the answers

Which profession has the highest workers' compensation claims?

CNAs Signup and view all the answers

Which system must be protected to minimize injury to the nurse and patient?

Musculoskeletal Signup and view all the answers

The patient states the doctor informed her that her cervical spine is out of alignment. This means the cervical spine:

Is not in line with the thoracic vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

The term supine indicated a position in which the patient is lying on the:

Back Signup and view all the answers

Semi-fowlers position is a position in which the head of the bed is:

Elevated at a 30-degree angle Signup and view all the answers

The prone position is lying on one's:

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

What does passive-ROM mean?

A nurse or other person performs exercises to a patient's extremities Signup and view all the answers

Before assisting a patient to ambulate to the bathroom, the nurse should first assess:

The patient's ability to assist with ambulation Signup and view all the answers

The use of a lift (draw) sheet prevents which type of injury to the patient?

Shearing Signup and view all the answers

The nurse must assess neurovascular function, also called CMS assessment. CMS stands for:

Circulation, movement, and sensation Signup and view all the answers

What is flexion?

Movement of certain joints that decreases the angle between 2 adjoining bones Signup and view all the answers

What is extension?

Movement of certain joints that increases the angle between 2 adjoining bones Signup and view all the answers

What is hyperextension?

Extreme or abnormal extension Signup and view all the answers

What is abduction?

Movement of limb away from body Signup and view all the answers

What is adduction?

Movement of limb toward the axis of the body Signup and view all the answers

What is supination?

Kind of rotation that allows palm of hand to turn upward Signup and view all the answers

What is pronation?

Kind of rotation that allows palm of hand to turn downward Signup and view all the answers

What is dorsiflexion?

To bend or flex backward Signup and view all the answers

What is circumduction?

Movement in a particular pattern Signup and view all the answers

A trochanter roll is used to prevent:

The external rotation of the legs Signup and view all the answers

A footboard is used to prevent:

The complication of foot drop Signup and view all the answers

When is an air mattress used?

To prevent pressure ulcers in immobile patients Signup and view all the answers

How often should you turn immobile patients?

Every 2 hours Signup and view all the answers

What position helps facilitate respiratory efforts?

Raising the head of the bed and assisting patients to sit upright or even to lean slightly forward over an overbed table Signup and view all the answers

What position is appropriate for patients in shock?

Laying supine Signup and view all the answers

Lateral position with knee and leg drawn up can be used for what?

Procedures, such as giving an enema Signup and view all the answers

What is the lithotomy position?

The patient lies supine with knees bent and hips and thighs are abducted. Signup and view all the answers

What is the orthopneic position?

The patient is seated and chest is bent slightly over a bedside table Signup and view all the answers

Contracting stomach muscles protects:

The back Signup and view all the answers

What are nebulizers used for?

To open narrowed airways in pathological conditions, such as asthma Signup and view all the answers

A bedboard improves:

Vertebral alignment Signup and view all the answers

Capillary refill usually takes how many seconds?

3 seconds, 5 seconds for older adults Signup and view all the answers

Shearing results when:

Skin surface is pulled one way and the underlying tissues do not move in the same direction or at the same speed. Signup and view all the answers

What complications come from not properly supporting the patient's joints when moving them?

Dislocation, increased stress, hyperextension of joints, and shearing Signup and view all the answers

What will sitting in a slouched position do?

Cause muscle fatigue and bad posture increases back strain Signup and view all the answers

When preparing to transfer a patient with a weak side, where should you place the chair?

On the patient's stronger side Signup and view all the answers

Can family members help assist with ROM exercises?

Yes. The nurse just has to teach the family how to do the exercises and the underlying principles. Signup and view all the answers

Complications of immobility include:

<ul> <li>muscle atrophy</li> <li>contractures</li> <li>pressure ulcers</li> <li>reduced peristalsis</li> <li>postural hypotension</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

How can nurses prevent immobility complications?

<ul> <li>turning patients every 1-2 hours</li> <li>providing range of motion exercises</li> <li>obtaining an order for laboratory to assess nutritional status</li> <li>obtaining nutritional consult as needed</li> <li>obtaining an order for a specialized mattress or a sheepskin covering</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Symptoms of acute compartment syndrome include:

<ul> <li>pain within the muscle, especially when stretched</li> <li>a full or tight feeling within the muscle</li> <li>tingling, burning, or a feeling of pins and needles in the affected area</li> <li>numbness and paralysis are late signs and may be indicative of permanent damage</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What are types of medical equipment that are used to lift patients?

<ul> <li>hydraulic lift</li> <li>roller board</li> <li>gurney lift</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

What special problems should be considered when transferring an immobile patient?

<ul> <li>patient may be weak/have vertigo</li> <li>orthostatic hypotension</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Worker Safety and Patient Mobility

CNAs have the highest workers' compensation claims in healthcare.
Protecting the musculoskeletal system is crucial to minimize injury for both nurses and patients.

Positioning of Patients

Supine position indicates the patient lies on their back.
Semi-fowler's position has the head of the bed elevated at 30 degrees.
The prone position involves lying on the stomach.
An orthopneic position aids respiratory function, with the patient seated, leaning slightly forward on a bedside table.

Range of Motion (ROM)

Passive ROM is performed by a caregiver to exercise a patient's extremities.
Flexion decreases the angle between two adjoining bones, while extension increases it.
Abduction is moving a limb away from the body, and adduction is moving it toward the axis of the body.

Patient Assessment and Safety

Assessing a patient's ability to assist with ambulation is essential before helping them move.
Neurovascular function is assessed through CMS: circulation, movement, and sensation.
Compromised patient mobility can lead to complications like pressure ulcers, muscle atrophy, and contractures.

Patient Mobility Techniques

Using a lift sheet helps prevent shearing injuries during patient movement.
Raising the head of the bed assists in relieving respiratory distress.
For weak patients, the chair should be placed on their stronger side during transfers.

Risk Management and Nursing Interventions

Common medications that may cause orthostatic hypotension include those that lower blood pressure.
Persistent assessment for conditions like compartment syndrome is necessary, especially after cast application.
TED stockings are an effective measure for preventing thrombus formation during immobilization.

Proper Body Mechanics

Correct body mechanics involve keeping the knees slightly bent and maintaining a wide base of support when lifting.
Using the legs rather than the back during lifts reduces the risk of injury.
When picking up objects, flexing the knees and bending at the hips demonstrate proper technique.

Complications and Interventions

Signs of acute compartment syndrome include muscle pain, tingling, and a tight feeling in the muscle.
To prevent pressure ulcers, immobile patients should be turned every 2 hours.
Incentives like discussing past activities help meet the psychosocial needs of immobilized patients.

Equipment and Mobility Aids

Hydraulic lifts and roller boards are commonly used to assist in patient transfers.
Footboards prevent foot drop, and trochanter rolls help avoid external rotation of the legs.
Air mattresses are implemented for patients at risk of pressure ulcers due to immobility.

Special Positions and Their Uses

The lithotomy position is used for gynecological procedures with knees bent and hips abducted.
The Sims position involves lying on one side with the knee and leg drawn up for procedures like giving enemas.
Proper body alignment in repositioning helps avoid complications like contractures and ensures patient comfort.

Emergency Interventions

If a patient feels faint while ambulating, the nurse should securely lower them to the floor to prevent injury.
In case of respiratory distress, quickly elevating the head of the bed is the first response.

Patient Care Considerations

For patients on bed rest, assess their respiratory function and assist them into a sitting position before ambulation.
Avoid crossing legs while sitting to reduce the risk of thrombophlebitis.
Patients experiencing limited mobility should receive regular assessments to maintain their health and prevent complications.### Patient Care Positions
Orthopneic Position: Elevation of the head of the bed to 90 degrees; assists patients with dyspnea to lean forward, offering relief and comfort.
Log-Rolling Technique: Essential for maintaining spinal alignment; crucial for patients with injuries to facilitate safe position changes.

Patient Positioning Protocol

Initial Action for Lateral Positioning: Explain to the patient before physically moving them to ensure understanding and cooperation.
Importance of Patient Comfort: Assess patient needs, such as pain medication, before attempting to change position, especially if the patient expresses discomfort.

Body Mechanics Best Practices

Good Mechanics Principle: Maintaining a wide base of support and bending at the knees promote safety and balance during mobility tasks.

Responding to Patient Fainting

Immediate Actions: Call for assistance and safely lower the patient while supporting the head to prevent injury.

Post-Surgery Mobility Risks

Risk for Activity Intolerance: After prolonged immobilization, patients may experience difficulties in safely resuming mobility.

Patient Position Definitions

Prone Position: Lying face down, commonly used for various clinical scenarios.

Safety in Ambulation

Precautions for Unsteady Gait:
- Ensure the patient is wearing nonskid footwear.
- Use a gait belt for safe assistance.
- Have assistance available during ambulation for added safety.

Benefits of Active Range of Motion (ROM)

Key Advantages:
- Prevent contractures and musculoskeletal atrophy.
- Maintain joint mobility and enhance patient morale and motivation.

Foot Drop Terminology

Correct Definition: Plantar flexion of the foot indicates that the foot is draped downwards; this condition can affect mobility and balance.

Using Lift Sheets in Patient Care

Patient Cooperation: Instruct patients to maintain a straight body position to facilitate safe and efficient movement when using lift sheets.

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Test your knowledge on body mechanics and patient mobility with these flashcards from Nursing Chapter 8. Each card helps reinforce important concepts that are vital for both nurse and patient safety. Challenge yourself to recall essential information that can impact care delivery.