ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is physical activity?

Any bodily movement produced by contracting skeletal muscles, with an increase in energy expenditure.

What is exercise?

Planned, purposeful, repetitive.

What is physical fitness?

Attributes or characteristics that individuals have achieved that relate to their ability to perform physical activity.

What are the three metabolic pathways the body uses to create ATP?

<p>Creatine phosphate, anaerobic glycolysis, oxidative system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is claudication?

<p>Pain in the leg induced by exercise, usually because of an artery obstruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the creatine phosphate system?

<p>Small amounts of CP are stored within each cell, allowing for rapid production of ATP for short bouts of exercise lasting less than 10 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is anaerobic glycolysis?

<p>A metabolic process that does not require oxygen, breaking down carbohydrates into pyruvate, used during medium-duration exercise lasting no more than about 90 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is aerobic glycolysis (oxidative system)?

<p>Oxygen-dependent process used during longer duration activities that produces ATP in the mitochondria of the cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is VO2?

<p>The volume of oxygen the body consumes; VO2 max is the highest volume of oxygen the body can consume.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define stroke volume.

<p>The volume of blood the heart ejects with each beat.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does stroke volume increase with workload?

<p>It increases with workload but only up to about 40% to 60% of VO2 max.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to resting heart rate as stroke volume increases?

<p>It decreases as more blood is pumped per beat, allowing the heart to beat less often.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiac output?

<p>A measure of blood pumped per minute; it's the product of stroke volume and heart rate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does diastolic blood pressure do during exercise?

<p>It remains stable or decreases slightly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rate pressure product?

<p>An estimate of myocardial oxygen demand, calculated as the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Fick equation used to determine VO2 max?

<p>VO2max = HRmax X SVmax X a-VO2 difference max.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the gold standard to measure cardiorespiratory fitness?

<p>VO2 max during open circuit spirometry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a submaximal exercise test work?

<p>It estimates VO2 max from the heart rate response to submaximal exercise.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between absolute oxygen consumption and relative oxygen consumption?

<p>Absolute is the raw volume of O2 consumed; relative is the volume of O2 consumed relative to body weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the largest components of physical activity-related energy expenditure?

<p>Occupational physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five health-related physical fitness components?

<p>Cardiorespiratory endurance, body composition, muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the six skill (performance) related physical fitness components?

<p>Agility, coordination, balance, power, reaction time, and speed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiorespiratory endurance?

<p>The ability of the circulatory system and respiratory system to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is body composition?

<p>Relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is muscular strength?

<p>The ability of a muscle to exert force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is muscular endurance?

<p>The ability of a muscle to continue to perform without fatigue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is flexibility?

<p>Range of motion at a joint as per the skeletal muscles and not external forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is agility?

<p>The ability to change the position of the body in space with speed and accuracy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is coordination?

<p>The ability to use the senses together with body parts to perform tasks smoothly and accurately.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is balance?

<p>The ability to maintain stability and control over the body's position.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Physical Activity and Exercise

  • Physical activity encompasses any movement produced by skeletal muscles that increases energy expenditure.
  • Exercise is defined as planned, purposeful, and repetitive physical activity aimed at improving or maintaining physical fitness.

Fitness Concepts

  • Physical fitness refers to attributes that enhance an individual's ability to perform physical activities.

Metabolic Pathways for ATP Production

  • The body creates ATP through three primary metabolic pathways:
    • Creatine Phosphate system: Utilizes stored CP for rapid ATP production, suitable for exercise lasting under 10 seconds.
    • Anaerobic glycolysis: Operates without oxygen, breaking down carbohydrates into pyruvate for energy during medium-duration exercise (up to 90 seconds).
    • Aerobic glycolysis (oxidative system): Dependent on oxygen, supports longer activity durations through Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, lasting more than 1-2 minutes.

Cardiovascular Responses and Measures

  • VO2 refers to the volume of oxygen consumed by the body; VO2 max is the peak volume achieved.
  • Stroke volume (SV) measures blood ejected by the heart per beat and increases with workload until reaching 40% to 60% of VO2 max.
  • Higher stroke volume leads to decreased resting heart rate as more blood is pumped per heartbeat.
  • Cardiac output is the total blood pumped per minute, calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate.
  • Diastolic blood pressure tends to remain stable or slightly decrease during exercise.
  • Rate pressure product estimates myocardial oxygen demand, represented by the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure.

Calculating Cardiorespiratory Fitness

  • The Fick equation determines VO2 max: VO2max = HRmax X SVmax X (a-VO2 difference max).
  • Open circuit spirometry is considered the gold standard method for measuring cardiorespiratory fitness.
  • Submaximal exercise tests estimate VO2 max based on heart rate responses during graded or single-stage exercises.

Oxygen Consumption Analysis

  • Absolute oxygen consumption indicates the total volume of O2 consumed; relative consumption accounts for body weight, useful for comparing fitness levels among individuals.

Energy Expenditure

  • Occupational physical activity constitutes one of the largest components of energy expenditure related to physical activity.
  • Health-related fitness includes:
    • Cardiorespiratory endurance
    • Body composition
    • Muscular strength
    • Muscular endurance
    • Flexibility
  • Skill-related fitness encompasses:
    • Agility
    • Coordination
    • Balance
    • Power
    • Reaction time
    • Speed

Specific Fitness Definitions

  • Cardiorespiratory endurance: The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained exercise.
  • Body composition: The relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other components in the body.
  • Muscular strength: The capacity of muscles to exert force.
  • Muscular endurance: The ability for muscles to perform repeated actions without fatigue.
  • Flexibility: The range of motion at a joint, determined by the muscles rather than external forces.
  • Agility: The ability to quickly change body position with speed and accuracy.
  • Coordination: The integrated use of senses and body parts for smooth and accurate task performance.
  • Balance: The body's ability to maintain stability during activities.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts related to physical activity, exercise, and fitness. Ideal for those preparing for the ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist exam, these terms and definitions will enhance your understanding of essential exercise science principles.

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