Questions and Answers
What is physical activity?
Any bodily movement produced by contracting skeletal muscles, with an increase in energy expenditure.
What is exercise?
Planned, purposeful, repetitive.
What is physical fitness?
Attributes or characteristics that individuals have achieved that relate to their ability to perform physical activity.
What are the three metabolic pathways the body uses to create ATP?
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What is claudication?
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What is the creatine phosphate system?
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What is anaerobic glycolysis?
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What is aerobic glycolysis (oxidative system)?
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What is VO2?
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Define stroke volume.
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How does stroke volume increase with workload?
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What happens to resting heart rate as stroke volume increases?
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What is cardiac output?
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What does diastolic blood pressure do during exercise?
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What is rate pressure product?
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What is the Fick equation used to determine VO2 max?
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What is the gold standard to measure cardiorespiratory fitness?
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How does a submaximal exercise test work?
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What is the difference between absolute oxygen consumption and relative oxygen consumption?
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What is one of the largest components of physical activity-related energy expenditure?
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What are the five health-related physical fitness components?
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What are the six skill (performance) related physical fitness components?
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What is cardiorespiratory endurance?
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What is body composition?
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What is muscular strength?
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What is muscular endurance?
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What is flexibility?
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What is agility?
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What is coordination?
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What is balance?
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Study Notes
Physical Activity and Exercise
- Physical activity encompasses any movement produced by skeletal muscles that increases energy expenditure.
- Exercise is defined as planned, purposeful, and repetitive physical activity aimed at improving or maintaining physical fitness.
Fitness Concepts
- Physical fitness refers to attributes that enhance an individual's ability to perform physical activities.
Metabolic Pathways for ATP Production
- The body creates ATP through three primary metabolic pathways:
- Creatine Phosphate system: Utilizes stored CP for rapid ATP production, suitable for exercise lasting under 10 seconds.
- Anaerobic glycolysis: Operates without oxygen, breaking down carbohydrates into pyruvate for energy during medium-duration exercise (up to 90 seconds).
- Aerobic glycolysis (oxidative system): Dependent on oxygen, supports longer activity durations through Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, lasting more than 1-2 minutes.
Cardiovascular Responses and Measures
- VO2 refers to the volume of oxygen consumed by the body; VO2 max is the peak volume achieved.
- Stroke volume (SV) measures blood ejected by the heart per beat and increases with workload until reaching 40% to 60% of VO2 max.
- Higher stroke volume leads to decreased resting heart rate as more blood is pumped per heartbeat.
- Cardiac output is the total blood pumped per minute, calculated by multiplying stroke volume by heart rate.
- Diastolic blood pressure tends to remain stable or slightly decrease during exercise.
- Rate pressure product estimates myocardial oxygen demand, represented by the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure.
Calculating Cardiorespiratory Fitness
- The Fick equation determines VO2 max: VO2max = HRmax X SVmax X (a-VO2 difference max).
- Open circuit spirometry is considered the gold standard method for measuring cardiorespiratory fitness.
- Submaximal exercise tests estimate VO2 max based on heart rate responses during graded or single-stage exercises.
Oxygen Consumption Analysis
- Absolute oxygen consumption indicates the total volume of O2 consumed; relative consumption accounts for body weight, useful for comparing fitness levels among individuals.
Energy Expenditure
- Occupational physical activity constitutes one of the largest components of energy expenditure related to physical activity.
Health and Skill-Related Fitness Components
- Health-related fitness includes:
- Cardiorespiratory endurance
- Body composition
- Muscular strength
- Muscular endurance
- Flexibility
- Skill-related fitness encompasses:
- Agility
- Coordination
- Balance
- Power
- Reaction time
- Speed
Specific Fitness Definitions
- Cardiorespiratory endurance: The ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained exercise.
- Body composition: The relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other components in the body.
- Muscular strength: The capacity of muscles to exert force.
- Muscular endurance: The ability for muscles to perform repeated actions without fatigue.
- Flexibility: The range of motion at a joint, determined by the muscles rather than external forces.
- Agility: The ability to quickly change body position with speed and accuracy.
- Coordination: The integrated use of senses and body parts for smooth and accurate task performance.
- Balance: The body's ability to maintain stability during activities.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering key concepts related to physical activity, exercise, and fitness. Ideal for those preparing for the ACSM Certified Exercise Physiologist exam, these terms and definitions will enhance your understanding of essential exercise science principles.