Acquired Neurogenic Language Disorders
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Questions and Answers

What is defined as an impairment resulting from acquired damage to the central nervous system that affects language abilities?

  • Aphasia (correct)
  • Dementia
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Right Hemisphere Damage

Which condition is characterized by cognitive-communication impairment associated with brain damage?

  • Dementia
  • Right Hemisphere Damage
  • Aphasia
  • Traumatic Brain Injury (correct)

Which of the following is NOT typically considered an acquired neurogenic language disorder?

  • Developmental Language Disorder (correct)
  • Dementia
  • Aphasia
  • Right Hemisphere Damage

Cerebral Vascular Accidents (CVAs) can be categorized into two types. Which of the following correctly identifies these types?

<p>Ischemic and Hemorrhagic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes aphasia from other types of disorders affecting language?

<p>It occurs due to prior established learning of language. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception exists regarding language deficits in individuals with aphasia?

<p>They are not related to psychological disturbances. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of Right Hemisphere Damage?

<p>Impulsivity problems and attention deficits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the classification of aphasia, which factor plays a major role in determining the category?

<p>The site of brain lesion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of Broca's aphasia?

<p>Articulation errors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a feature of Wernicke's aphasia?

<p>Overly fluent speech with little meaning (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia demonstrates relatively intact repetition?

<p>Transcortical motor aphasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines global aphasia?

<p>Severe spontaneous speech deficits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Anomic aphasia primarily affects which aspect of communication?

<p>Word retrieval (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aphasia type is characterized by severe naming deficits and echolalia?

<p>Transcortical sensory aphasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common feature characterizes conduction aphasia?

<p>Deficits in repetition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In transcortical motor aphasia, which ability is intact?

<p>Repetition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of an individual with Wernicke's aphasia?

<p>Severe issues with naming (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes transcortical sensory aphasia from Wernicke's aphasia?

<p>Intact repetition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia is typically associated with anterior brain damage and is characterized by slowed or labored speech production?

<p>Non-fluent Aphasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'anomia' refer to in language impairment?

<p>Inability to retrieve or produce a target word (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which area of the brain is primarily involved in processing and understanding auditory information?

<p>Wernicke's area (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically influences auditory comprehension?

<p>Part of speech (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia is characterized by difficulties in both speech and writing due to similar underlying impairments?

<p>Global Aphasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process is essential for successfully reproducing verbal stimuli after hearing them?

<p>Repetition (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of naming error is characterized by substituting a related term for the target word?

<p>Semantic paraphasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of aphasia is characterized by good spontaneous speech but poor auditory comprehension?

<p>Wernicke's Aphasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of language impairment involves the ability to read and understand written information?

<p>Reading comprehension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Aphasia

A language disorder that affects the ability to communicate, understand, read, or write. It typically occurs after a stroke or other neurological injury.

Aphasia

A neurogenic disorder characterized by difficulties expressing, understanding, reading, and writing language. It's a cognitive impairment that affects language skills.

Right Hemisphere Damage

A neurogenic disorder resulting from damage to the right hemisphere of the brain, often affecting memory, attention, impulsivity, and visual perception.

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

A neurogenic disorder that arises due to a traumatic brain injury, impacting cognitive and communication abilities.

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Dementia

A neurogenic disorder characterized by a progressive decline in cognitive and linguistic abilities due to brain disease.

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Acquired Neurogenic Language/Cognitive Disorders

This category includes disorders that develop after neurological injury, not during development. It's important to distinguish it from developmental language disorders.

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Neurogenic Language Disorders

These disorders primarily involve problems with language processing, not motor skills needed to speak (though both can coexist).

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Aphasia and Social Skills

A person with aphasia generally maintains intact social skills, although there may be exceptions. This helps distinguish language deficits from psychological problems.

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Non-fluent Aphasia

Difficulty producing fluent speech, often characterized by short phrases, hesitations, and laborious speech. Typically associated with damage to the frontal lobe, particularly Broca's area.

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Auditory Comprehension

The ability to understand spoken language, encompassing multiple complex processes, including sound segmentation, word comprehension, and memory retention.

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Repetition

Describes the ability to repeat spoken words or phrases accurately. It involves complex processing steps, including sound processing, planning speech movements, and execution.

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Naming

The ability to retrieve and produce a target word. It involves complex processes like object recognition, semantic retrieval, phonological representation, and motor planning for articulation.

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Anomia

A disturbance in the ability to name objects, a common and persistent deficit in aphasia. It can manifest as various errors, such as mispronunciation or semantic substitutions.

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Fluent Aphasia

Fluent aphasia is characterized by effortless, seemingly normal speech flow with adequate phrase length. It is typically associated with damage to the posterior brain regions, such as the temporal or parietal lobes.

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Boston System of Aphasia Classification

The Boston System is a framework used to classify different types of aphasia, based on the specific language impairments observed, such as fluency, auditory comprehension, naming, repetition, reading and writing.

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Broca's Aphasia

Broca's aphasia is a non-fluent aphasia characterized by halting, effortful speech, short phrases, and grammatical errors. It's typically associated with damage to Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe.

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Wernicke's Aphasia

Wernicke's aphasia is a fluent aphasia characterized by fluent but nonsensical speech, poor auditory comprehension, and difficulty naming objects. It's typically associated with damage to Wernicke's area, in the temporal lobe.

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Transcortical Motor Aphasia

A rare type of non-fluent aphasia where the damage is in the anterior and superior regions of the frontal lobe. Similar to Broca's aphasia, but with good repetition skills and oral reading. Speech remains slow and labored.

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Global Aphasia

The most severe type of aphasia, often caused by extensive brain damage. Results in severe impairments in all aspects of language, including speaking, understanding, reading, and writing.

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Transcortical Sensory Aphasia

A rare type of fluent aphasia that mimics Wernicke's, but with preserved repetition ability. Damage is typically found in the border of the temporal and occipital lobes or the parietal lobe.

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Conduction Aphasia

A fluent aphasia characterized by difficulty repeating words and phrases. Damage is typically found in the arcuate fasciculus, which connects Wernicke's and Broca's areas.

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Anomic Aphasia

The most common type of aphasia, characterized by difficulty finding words. Speech fluency is generally preserved but meaningful content can be affected. Repetition is relatively intact. Damage is often found in the angular gyrus.

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Acquired Aphasia

A term used to describe language disorders that develop after a neurological injury, such as a stroke or head injury.

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Agrammatism

A specific type of aphasia that primarily affects the ability to produce grammatical speech. Speech is characterized by its lack of function words and use of only content words.

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Study Notes

Acquired Neurogenic Language/Cognitive Disorders

  • Four categories exist: aphasia, right hemisphere damage, traumatic brain injury, and dementia.

Aphasia

  • Impairment in expressing, understanding, reading, or writing oral and written language.

Right Hemisphere Damage

  • Memory impairment, attention and impulsivity problems, and visual dysfunction.

Traumatic Brain Injury

  • Cognitive-communication impairment associated with brain damage.

Dementia

  • Loss of linguistic and cognitive ability due to a progressive brain disease.

Additional Considerations

  • Not a developmental disorder; acquired following neurological injury.
  • Language-based, not motor-based, although the two can coexist.
  • People with aphasia usually have intact psychosocial skills (though not always)
  • Do not confuse language deficits for psychological disturbance.

Definition of Aphasia

  • Impairment due to acquired and recent damage to the central nervous system in the ability to comprehend and formulate language (Rosenbek et al, 1989).
  • Literally means "without language."
  • A disturbance in the adult language system after the language has been established or learned.
  • Results from neurological injury to the language-dominant hemisphere of the brain.
  • Includes disturbances of receptive and/or expressive abilities for both spoken and/or written language.

What Causes Aphasia?

  • CVA (Cerebral Vascular Accidents):
    • Ischemic (occlusive mechanisms)
    • Hemorrhagic
    • Cerebral aneurysm
    • Arteriovenous malformation
  • Neoplasms in the brain (tumors)
  • TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury)
  • Medications

How to Classify Aphasia

  • Agreement to classify aphasia syndromes (taxonomy).
  • Disagreement on how to classify aphasia.
  • Cause (site of lesion).
  • Language characteristics (dichotomous based on deficits: motor/sensory, receptive/expressive, anterior/posterior, fluent/non-fluent).
  • Boston System (characteristics of language impairment).

Boston System Characteristics of Language Impairment

  • Fluency
  • Auditory Comprehension
  • Naming
  • Repetition
  • Reading
  • Writing

Boston System Types of Language Impairment

  • Broca's
  • Wernicke's
  • Conduction
  • Global
  • Transcortical Motor Aphasia
  • Transcortical Sensory Aphasia
  • Anomic
  • Subcortical

Fluency

  • Fluent Aphasia: Spontaneous speech flow with adequate phrase length; typically posterior brain damage (temporal/parietal regions).
  • Non-Fluent Aphasia: Diminished phrase length, hesitations, slowed or labored speech production, grammatical/pitch & stress variation impairments; typically anterior brain damage (frontal lobe).

Auditory Comprehension

  • Ability to understand spoken language.
  • Complex process involving phonemes, understanding the meaning of within words in a sentence, retaining the message, processing, and formulating a response.
  • Influenced by: amount of information, frequency of word usage, personal relevance of information, and part of speech.

Repetition

  • Ability to accurately reproduce verbal stimuli one hears.
  • Incoming stimuli are received and processed.
  • The information is conveyed to regions of the brain for formulating and planning the motor sequence for speech.
  • Articulating to reproduce the initial stimulus requires good connecting pathways between Wernicke's and Broca's areas.
  • Wernicke's area is crucial for processing and understanding auditory information.
  • Broca's area is important for programming & movements for speech production.

Naming

  • Ability to retrieve and produce a target word.
  • Recognizing the object, retrieving the semantic label for it, developing the phonological form of the label, programming the speech movements to say the word.
  • Anomia = disturbance in the ability to name; most pervasive and persistent deficit.
  • Paraphasia = substitution or transposition of the targeted phoneme.
  • Semantic error = error related to or in the same category as the word, but incorrect.

Reading and Writing

  • Written language disturbances typically parallel spoken language impairments.
  • Non-fluent speakers will also be non-fluent in writing and reading.
  • Individuals with auditory comprehension problems will also have difficulty comprehending written information.

Review of Neuroanatomy (Chapter 1)

  • Not included in the provided content.

What are the characteristics of each type of aphasia?

  • Detailed characteristics (location of damage, fluency, agrammatism, naming deficits, paraphasias, repetition issues, comprehension issues, reading issues, writing issues) of each type of aphasia, including:
    • Broca's
    • Transcortical Motor
    • Global
    • Wernicke's
    • Transcortical Sensory
    • Conduction
    • Anomic

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CSCD 6307 Aphasia Class 2 Fall 2024 PDF

Description

Explore the various categories of acquired neurogenic language and cognitive disorders such as aphasia, right hemisphere damage, traumatic brain injury, and dementia. Understand the implications of these conditions on communication and cognitive abilities. This quiz will enhance your knowledge about language impairments and their effects on individuals.

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