Acquired Neurogenic Language Disorders
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Questions and Answers

Which type of aphasia is characterized by agrammatism and relatively intact auditory comprehension?

  • Global Aphasia
  • Wernicke’s Aphasia
  • Anomic Aphasia
  • Broca’s Aphasia (correct)

    • Individuals with Wernicke’s Aphasia typically have good auditory comprehension.

    False

    What type of aphasia involves severe problems with spontaneous speech and auditory comprehension?

    Global Aphasia

    The area of the brain primarily affected in Broca's aphasia is the _____ lobe.

    <p>frontal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes Transcortical Motor Aphasia?

    <p>Impaired conversational speech with intact repetition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the aphasia type with its description:

    <p>Wernicke’s Aphasia = Normal prosody but poor content Conduction Aphasia = Deficits in repetition with mild spontaneous speech issues Anomic Aphasia = Deficits mainly in word retrieval Global Aphasia = Severe communication deficits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anomic Aphasia is characterized by fluent speech but deficits in word retrieval.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aphasia primarily characterized by?

    <p>Impairment in expressing and understanding language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of aphasia is often considered the rarest and is located at the border of the temporal and occipital lobes?

    <p>Transcortical Sensory Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Aphasia can be caused by both developmental issues and neurological injuries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with _____ Aphasia often produce neologisms and have poor repetition.

    <p>Wernicke's</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one cause of aphasia.

    <p>Cerebral vascular accident (CVA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damage to the ______ hemisphere of the brain is often responsible for aphasia.

    <p>language-dominant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a category of acquired neurogenic language/cognitive disorders?

    <p>Developmental Language Disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their relevant characteristics:

    <p>Aphasia = Impairment in expressing and understanding language Dementia = Loss of cognitive ability due to progressive disease Right Hemisphere Damage = Memory impairment and visual dysfunction Traumatic Brain Injury = Cognitive-communication impairment after brain damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person with aphasia often experiences psychological disturbances that affect their communication skills.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What literal meaning does the term 'aphasia' convey?

    <p>Without language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of the brain is typically associated with non-fluent aphasia?

    <p>Frontal lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluent aphasia is characterized by diminished phrase length, hesitations, and effortful speech production.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is anomia?

    <p>A disturbance in the ability to name objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Typical characteristics of __________ aphasia include adequate phrase length and a smooth flow of speech.

    <p>fluent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of aphasia with their characteristics:

    <p>Broca's = Non-fluent speech production Wernicke's = Fluent but nonsensical speech Conduction = Good comprehension but poor repetition Global = Severe impairment in all language functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the ability to accurately reproduce verbal stimuli one hears?

    <p>Repetition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with auditory comprehension problems often have parallel reading comprehension issues.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Broca's area in language processing?

    <p>It is important for programming and movements for speech production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fluency in speech production refers to expressing language using a smooth, uninterrupted __________.

    <p>flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of aphasia is characterized by an inability to name objects but preserves fluency?

    <p>Anomic Aphasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acquired Neurogenic Language/Cognitive Disorders

    • Four categories exist: aphasia, right hemisphere damage, traumatic brain injury, and dementia
    • Aphasia: An impairment in expressing, understanding, reading, or writing oral and written language. 
    • Right Hemisphere Damage: Memory problems, impaired attention, impulsivity issues, and visual disturbances.
    • Traumatic Brain Injury: Cognitive-communication impairment linked to brain damage.
    • Dementia: Loss of linguistic and cognitive ability due to a progressive brain disease.

    Additional Considerations

    • Acquired, not developmental, following neurological injury.
    • Language-based, not motor-based, although the two can coexist.
    • People with aphasia usually have intact psychosocial skills (but not always).
    • Language deficits should not be mistaken for psychological issues.

    Defining Aphasia

    • Aphasia is an impairment of the ability to comprehend and formulate language, due to acquired or recent central nervous system damage. (Rosenbek et al, 1989)
    • "Without language".
    • Language disturbance in adults who have previously learned language.
    • Results from neurological damage in the language-dominant hemisphere of the brain.
    • Includes receptive and/or expressive disturbances for both oral and written language.

    Causes of Aphasia

    • CVA (Cerebral Vascular Accidents): Including ischemic, hemorrhagic, cerebral aneurysm, and arteriovenous malformation. 
    • Neoplasms (tumors) in the brain.
    • Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
    • Medications

    Classifying Aphasia

    • Classifying methods are not always agreed upon.
    • Dichotomous classification based on motor/sensory, receptive/expressive, anterior/posterior, and fluent/non-fluent.
    • Characteristics of the language impairment (like the Boston System).

    Boston System

    • Characteristics are fluency, auditory comprehension, naming abilities, repetition, reading, and writing.

    Boston System Types

    • Broca's, Wernicke's, Conduction, Global, Transcortical Motor Aphasia, Transcortical Sensory Aphasia, Anomic, and Subcortical.

    Fluency

    • Fluent aphasia involves smooth, uninterrupted speech flow and rate. Characterized by spontaneous speech flow and adequate phrase length. Usually results from damage to posterior regions (temporal/parietal).
    • Non-fluent aphasia results in decreased phrase length, hesitations, slowed/labored speech production, grammatical impairments, and impaired pitch/stress variation. Typically found with damage to anterior regions (frontal lobe).

    Auditory Comprehension

    • The complex process of understanding spoken language, involving segmenting sounds into meaningful phonemes, understanding the sentence's message, and retaining it to formulate a response. Factors influencing comprehension include: amount of information, frequency of words, personal relevance, and part of speech.

    Repetition

    • The ability to precisely reproduce verbal stimuli. Processes include receiving, processing the stimulus, conveying it to brain regions for speech formulation, and articulating the stimuli. Requires efficient pathways connecting Wernicke’s and Broca's areas. Wernicke’s area processes auditory information and Broca’s area programs speech movements.

    Naming

    • Ability to retrieve and produce a target word. It's a complex process involving recognizing the object, retrieving the semantic label for the object, developing the phonological form, and programming the needed speech movements. 
    • Naming difficulties are a common pervasive and persistent deficit (anomia). Subtypes of naming difficulties include phonemic and semantic paraphasias.

    Reading and Writing

    • Written language disturbances are often similar and parallel spoken language impairments.  Individuals with auditory comprehension difficulties will also have comprehension issues with written information.

    Review of Neuroanatomy (Chapter 1)

    •  (Abstract - this section is a single line; it contains no data, facts, or figures.)

    Specific Aphasia Types (Review)

    • (a list of aphasia types. Some information from earlier section.)

    Characteristics of Each Type of Aphasia

    • General Characteristics
      • Location of damage (e.g., location of brain damage that causes the disruption.)
      • Fluency (e.g., smooth or labored spontaneous speech.)
      • Comprehension, Auditory comprehension, and Naming
    • Specific Example - Broca's Aphasia: Location is frontal lobe typically Broca's area. Characteristics include non-fluent speech characterized by Agrammatism (telegraphic speech), Naming deficits (mild to severe), paraphasias (articulation errors and circumlocutions), impaired and slow labored reading, writing effortful with errors, and difficulty repeating.
    • Specific Example - Transcortical Motor Aphasia: Location is frontal lobe, typically superior and anterior portions. Characteristics include agrammatism, naming deficits, articulation errors, Relatively intact repetition, and poor conversational speech / trouble initiating speech and writing.
    • Specific Example - Global Aphasia: Location is a large region of the brain; multiple sites of injury may be affected. Characteristics include non-fluent, severe problems communicating, severe spontaneous speech deficits, severe comprehension deficits, and typically non-verbal with limited gestures., and severe deficits in reading and writing.
    • Specific Example - Wernicke's Aphasia: Location is temporal lobe and possibly parietal lobe, specifically Wernicke's area. Characteristics include fluent speech prosody, possible logorrhea, limited meaningful content, auditory comprehension deficits, Naming deficits (paraphasias and neologisms or jargon), poor repetition, fluent writing but limited meaning, Reading comprehension deficits.
    • Specific Example - Transcortical Sensory Aphasia: Location: border of temporal and occipital lobes or parietal lobe (superior region). Characteristics: Fluent speech with normal prosody, Possible logorrhea, limited meaningful content, Auditory comprehension deficits, severe Naming deficits, Paraphasias, neologisms, jargon, intact repetition, fluent/limited meaning writing and deficient reading comprehension abilities.
    • Specific Example - Conduction Aphasia: Location: temporal-parietal region; typically the connector pathway - arcuate fasciculus. Characteristics: Fluent, mild spontaneous speech deficits, mild auditory comprehension deficits, naming deficits (paraphasias), deficient repetition, inability to read aloud.
    • Specific Example - Anomic Aphasia: Location: no specific area, Angular Gyrus is most common. Characteristics: Fluent (meaningful), mild deficits in spontaneous speech (speech fluency affected by word retrieval deficits), possible auditory comprehension deficits, Naming deficits, and relatively intact repetition.

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    CSCD 6307 Aphasia Class 2 Fall 2024 PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricacies of acquired neurogenic language and cognitive disorders, focusing on categories such as aphasia, right hemisphere damage, traumatic brain injury, and dementia. This quiz will test your understanding of these conditions, their symptoms, and how they affect language and cognition. Perfect for students of psychology or speech-language pathology.

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