Acids
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes cytology?

  • The study of tissues (groups of cells/cell types)
  • The study of the function of body structures
  • The study of internal structures of cells (correct)
  • The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye
  • What is the main function of muscle tissue?

  • To transmit electrical impulses within the body
  • To cover body surfaces and line cavities
  • To protect, connect, and support organs/tissues
  • To provide force and enable movement (correct)
  • Which level of structural organization is composed of two to four tissues working together to perform specific functions?

  • Chemical level
  • Organ level (correct)
  • Tissue level
  • Cellular level
  • Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound?

    <p>H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an ionic bond?

    <p>NaCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a role of water in the body?

    <p>Transporting chemicals and nutrients within cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an acid?

    <p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Microvilli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of membrane protein spans the entire cell membrane?

    <p>Transmembrane proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of membrane carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

    <p>To anchor cells together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acids and bases?

    <p>Acids and bases have a neutral pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

    <p>Building blocks of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of lipids?

    <p>Nitrogen (N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of nucleic acids?

    <p>Source of stored energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

    <p>S phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the coiled and condensed form of DNA during cell division?

    <p>Chromatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the centrosome during cell division?

    <p>Formation of spindle apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the cell equator?

    <p>Metaphase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the centromeres during anaphase of mitosis?

    <p>They split</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves the division of the cytoplasm after mitosis?

    <p>Cytokinesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells undergo mitosis?

    <p>Somatic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are present in each somatic cell nucleus?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of heredity that contains instructions for the synthesis of a protein?

    <p>Gene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

    <p>Prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?

    <p>Meiosis I reduces chromosome number, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of meiosis II?

    <p>Four haploid gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of crossing over in meiosis?

    <p>Increases genetic diversity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?

    <p>The tetrads split and homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of meiosis?

    <p>To produce genetically distinct haploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of meiosis I?

    <p>Two haploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during telophase II of meiosis?

    <p>The spindle apparatus disassembles and the chromosomes uncoil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of interkinesis in meiosis?

    <p>To prepare for meiosis II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of meiosis in the cell life cycle?

    <p>To produce gametes for sexual reproduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is considered the 'power plant' of the cell?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for sorting, modifying, packaging, and delivering proteins and lipids?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down bacteria and old/damaged organelles and cells?

    <p>Lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, as well as drug and toxin detoxification?

    <p>Endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle forms the spindle apparatus for mitosis/meiosis and may help direct movement of chromosomes during cell division?

    <p>Centrosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for anchoring and movement of organelles, as well as cell shape and cell division?

    <p>Cytoskeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the formation of centrioles, spindles, cilia, and flagella, as well as movement of organelles within the cytosol?

    <p>Microtubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle separates its internal environment from the cytosol with a bilayer membrane and is a major site of ATP synthesis?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is in direct contact with the cytosol and is the site of many chemical reactions, with higher [K+] and lower [Na+] than the extracellular fluid?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

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