Acids

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Which of the following best describes cytology?

The study of tissues (groups of cells/cell types)

The study of the function of body structures

The study of internal structures of cells (correct)

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye

What is the main function of muscle tissue?

To transmit electrical impulses within the body

To cover body surfaces and line cavities

To protect, connect, and support organs/tissues

To provide force and enable movement (correct)

Which level of structural organization is composed of two to four tissues working together to perform specific functions?

Chemical level

Organ level (correct)

Tissue level

Cellular level

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound?

H2O Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an ionic bond?

NaCl Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a role of water in the body?

Transporting chemicals and nutrients within cells Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an acid?

HCl Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

Microvilli Signup and view all the answers

Which type of membrane protein spans the entire cell membrane?

Transmembrane proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of membrane carbohydrates in the cell membrane?

To anchor cells together Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acids and bases?

Acids and bases have a neutral pH Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?

Building blocks of proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of lipids?

Nitrogen (N) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of nucleic acids?

Source of stored energy Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the production of ribosomes?

Nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the coiled and condensed form of DNA during cell division?

Chromatin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the centrosome during cell division?

Formation of spindle apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the cell equator?

Metaphase Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the centromeres during anaphase of mitosis?

They split Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the division of the cytoplasm after mitosis?

Cytokinesis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells undergo mitosis?

Somatic cells Signup and view all the answers

How many chromosomes are present in each somatic cell nucleus?

46 Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of heredity that contains instructions for the synthesis of a protein?

Gene Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Prophase I Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?

Meiosis I reduces chromosome number, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids. Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis II?

Four haploid gametes Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of crossing over in meiosis?

Increases genetic diversity Signup and view all the answers

What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?

The tetrads split and homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of meiosis?

To produce genetically distinct haploid cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of meiosis I?

Two haploid cells Signup and view all the answers

What happens during telophase II of meiosis?

The spindle apparatus disassembles and the chromosomes uncoil Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of interkinesis in meiosis?

To prepare for meiosis II Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of meiosis in the cell life cycle?

To produce gametes for sexual reproduction Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Ribosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is considered the 'power plant' of the cell?

Mitochondria Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for sorting, modifying, packaging, and delivering proteins and lipids?

Golgi apparatus Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down bacteria and old/damaged organelles and cells?

Lysosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, as well as drug and toxin detoxification?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle forms the spindle apparatus for mitosis/meiosis and may help direct movement of chromosomes during cell division?

Centrosomes Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for anchoring and movement of organelles, as well as cell shape and cell division?

Cytoskeleton Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is responsible for the formation of centrioles, spindles, cilia, and flagella, as well as movement of organelles within the cytosol?

Microtubules Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle separates its internal environment from the cytosol with a bilayer membrane and is a major site of ATP synthesis?