44 Questions
Which of the following best describes cytology?
The study of internal structures of cells
What is the main function of muscle tissue?
To provide force and enable movement
Which level of structural organization is composed of two to four tissues working together to perform specific functions?
Organ level
Which of the following is an example of an inorganic compound?
H2O
Which of the following is an example of an ionic bond?
NaCl
Which of the following is a role of water in the body?
Transporting chemicals and nutrients within cells
Which of the following is an example of an acid?
HCl
Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?
Microvilli
Which type of membrane protein spans the entire cell membrane?
Transmembrane proteins
What is the function of membrane carbohydrates in the cell membrane?
To anchor cells together
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of acids and bases?
Acids and bases have a neutral pH
Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates?
Building blocks of proteins
Which of the following is NOT a component of lipids?
Nitrogen (N)
Which of the following is NOT a function of nucleic acids?
Source of stored energy
Which organelle is responsible for the production of ribosomes?
Nucleolus
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
S phase
Which term refers to the coiled and condensed form of DNA during cell division?
Chromatin
What is the function of the centrosome during cell division?
Formation of spindle apparatus
Which phase of mitosis involves the alignment of chromosomes along the cell equator?
Metaphase
What happens to the centromeres during anaphase of mitosis?
They split
Which process involves the division of the cytoplasm after mitosis?
Cytokinesis
Which type of cells undergo mitosis?
Somatic cells
How many chromosomes are present in each somatic cell nucleus?
46
What is the unit of heredity that contains instructions for the synthesis of a protein?
Gene
During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?
Prophase I
What is the main difference between meiosis I and meiosis II?
Meiosis I reduces chromosome number, while meiosis II separates sister chromatids.
What is the result of meiosis II?
Four haploid gametes
What is the role of crossing over in meiosis?
Increases genetic diversity
What happens during anaphase I of meiosis?
The tetrads split and homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles
What is the purpose of meiosis?
To produce genetically distinct haploid cells
What is the result of meiosis I?
Two haploid cells
What happens during telophase II of meiosis?
The spindle apparatus disassembles and the chromosomes uncoil
What is the purpose of interkinesis in meiosis?
To prepare for meiosis II
What is the function of meiosis in the cell life cycle?
To produce gametes for sexual reproduction
Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?
Ribosomes
Which organelle is considered the 'power plant' of the cell?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is responsible for sorting, modifying, packaging, and delivering proteins and lipids?
Golgi apparatus
Which organelle contains digestive enzymes to break down bacteria and old/damaged organelles and cells?
Lysosomes
Which organelle is responsible for lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, as well as drug and toxin detoxification?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which organelle forms the spindle apparatus for mitosis/meiosis and may help direct movement of chromosomes during cell division?
Centrosomes
Which organelle is responsible for anchoring and movement of organelles, as well as cell shape and cell division?
Cytoskeleton
Which organelle is responsible for the formation of centrioles, spindles, cilia, and flagella, as well as movement of organelles within the cytosol?
Microtubules
Which organelle separates its internal environment from the cytosol with a bilayer membrane and is a major site of ATP synthesis?
Mitochondria
Which organelle is in direct contact with the cytosol and is the site of many chemical reactions, with higher [K+] and lower [Na+] than the extracellular fluid?
Cytosol
Test your knowledge on acids, bases, and pH balance in this quiz. Learn about the electrolyte properties of salts, acids, and bases, and how they maintain the pH balance in cells and organs. Explore the concept of pH and its relationship with hydrogen ions in solution. Challenge yourself to optimize your understanding of chemical reactions and the pH ranges in body fluids.
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