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Questions and Answers
What remedy would be advisable for someone suffering from acidity?
What remedy would be advisable for someone suffering from acidity?
- Lemon juice
- Water with vinegar
- Baking soda solution (correct)
- Vinegar
Which indicator turns red in an acidic solution?
Which indicator turns red in an acidic solution?
- Blue litmus (correct)
- Phenolphthalein
- Methyl orange (correct)
- Turmeric
What color does turmenic turn in the presence of a base?
What color does turmenic turn in the presence of a base?
- Red
- Green
- Yellow (correct)
- Purple
Which of the following is known as a natural acid-base indicator?
Which of the following is known as a natural acid-base indicator?
If a stain of curry turns reddish-brown when scrubbed with soap, what does this indicate about the soap?
If a stain of curry turns reddish-brown when scrubbed with soap, what does this indicate about the soap?
What indicates that a solution is acidic during the activity?
What indicates that a solution is acidic during the activity?
Why do glucose and alcohol solutions not conduct electricity in the experiment?
Why do glucose and alcohol solutions not conduct electricity in the experiment?
Which ions are responsible for the acidic properties of solutions like HCl and H2SO4?
Which ions are responsible for the acidic properties of solutions like HCl and H2SO4?
What should you observe when concentrated sulphuric acid is added to solid NaCl?
What should you observe when concentrated sulphuric acid is added to solid NaCl?
What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the activity using sodium hydroxide and other alkalis?
What conclusion can be drawn from the results of the activity using sodium hydroxide and other alkalis?
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Study Notes
Acids and Bases
- Acids taste sour, and turn blue litmus paper red
- Bases taste bitter, and turn red litmus paper blue
- Acids and bases neutralize each other's effects
- Some natural indicators like turmeric can also be used to test for acids and bases
- Synthetic indicators like methyl orange and phenolphthalein are also available
Identifying Acids and Bases
- Only red litmus paper is given for identification
- Dip the red litmus paper into the test tube
- If the litmus paper turns blue, it is a base
- If the litmus paper stays red, it is an acid
Acids Conduct Electricity
- Acids contain H+ ions as a cation, and anions like Cl- in HCl, NO3- in HNO3, SO2- 4 in H2SO4, CH3COO– in CH3COOH.
- The H+ ions are responsible for the acidic properties
- Bases contain hydroxide ions (OH-), which are responsible for their basic properties
Strength of Acids and Bases
- The strength of acids and bases depends on the number of H+ ions and OH- ions produced, respectively.
- Strong acids give more H+ ions and strong bases give more OH- ions
- Weak acids give less H+ ions and weak bases give less OH- ions
pH Scale
- The pH scale measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution
- pH values range from 0 to 14
- A pH of 7 is neutral
- A pH less than 7 is acidic, and a pH greater than 7 is basic
- Our body works within a pH range of 7.0 to 7.8
- Acid rain has a pH of less than 5.6
Salts
- Salts are formed when acids react with bases
- Salts have various uses in everyday life and in industries
- Examples of salts include potassium sulphate, sodium sulphate, calcium sulphate, magnesium sulphate, copper sulphate, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium carbonate, and ammonium chloride
- Water of crystallization is the fixed number of water molecules present in one formula unit of a salt
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