Chemical Reactions and Properties of Acids and Bases

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Questions and Answers

What is the color of phenolphthalein in a base?

  • Blue
  • Clear
  • Red
  • Pink (correct)

All bases contain hydrogen ions.

False (B)

What are antacids used for?

To relieve excess stomach acid or indigestion.

Acids typically have a pH range of _____ to 6.9.

<p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the indicators with their color in acid:

<p>Red litmus = Blue Blue litmus = Red Bromothymol blue = Yellow Methyl orange = Orange</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a chemical property?

<p>Carbon dioxide formation from carbon and oxygen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Steel wool rusting is an example of a physical change.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physical property of a substance if it is described as 'soluble in alcohol'?

<p>solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

To test for the presence of ________, you can use a glowing match to see if it reignites.

<p>oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the gas with the appropriate test:

<p>Hydrogen = Listen for a pop noise Carbon Dioxide = Turns lime water cloudy Oxygen = Glowing match reignites Water vapor = Turns cobalt chloride paper pink</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the product of the reaction between Magnesium and hydrogen chloride?

<p>Hydrogen gas (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Acids have a pH greater than 7.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the general formula for a synthesis reaction?

<p>A + B → AB</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bases feel ______ to the touch.

<p>slippery</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of reactions with their definitions:

<p>Synthesis = A + B → AB Decomposition = AB → A + B Combustion = $C_{a}H_{y} + O_{2} → CO_{2} + H_{2}O$ Single Displacement = A + BC → AC + B</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group do the noble gases belong to?

<p>Group VIIIA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Beryllium and Fluorine react to form a covalent compound.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one diatomic element.

<p>Hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

The formula for Calcium chloride is ______.

<p>CaClâ‚‚</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the ion with its isoelectronic species:

<p>Arsenide ion ($As^{3-}$) = Krypton (Kr) Fluoride ion ($F^{-}$) = Neon (Ne) Boron ion ($B^{3+}$) = Helium (He) Sodium ion ($Na^{+}$) = Neon (Ne)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for Silver carbonate?

<p>Ag₂CO₃ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fluorine is a metal.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compound do alkaline earth metals typically form with halogens?

<p>Ionic compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Synthesis reaction

A chemical reaction where two or more reactants combine to form a single product. Think of it as building something bigger.

Decomposition Reaction

A chemical reaction where a single reactant breaks down into two or more products. Imagine taking something apart.

Combustion Reaction

A chemical reaction where a substance reacts with oxygen, producing heat and light. Often involves burning fuels.

Single Displacement reaction

A chemical reaction where one element replaces another in a compound. Think of it as a swap.

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Double Displacement reaction

A chemical reaction where two compounds exchange ions, forming two new compounds. Think of it as a double swap.

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Chemical Change

A change in the chemical makeup of a substance, resulting in a new substance with different properties.

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Physical Change

A change in the physical appearance of a substance, but not its chemical composition.

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Physical Property

A characteristic of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance's chemical composition.

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Chemical Property

A property that describes how a substance reacts with other substances or under certain conditions.

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Chemical Test

A test to identify a specific substance by observing its reaction to a known reagent.

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Indicator

A substance that changes color in the presence of an acid or base, allowing us to identify the pH of a solution.

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Identifying Acids and Bases

Acids are compounds that begin with hydrogen (H+). Bases contain hydroxide ions (OH-), making them alkaline.

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Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid and a base react with each other. The products are a salt and water.

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pH Scale

The strength of an acid or base is measured using the pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14. A higher pH value indicates a stronger base, while a lower pH value indicates a stronger acid.

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Difference Factor

Difference Factors (DF) represent the relative concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. A higher DF indicates a more concentrated solution and a stronger acid or base.

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Diatomic elements

Elements that exist as two atoms bonded together naturally.

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Valence Electrons in Groups

Elements in the same group (vertical column) on the periodic table have the same number of valence electrons.

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Ionic Compound

A compound formed by the electrostatic attraction between positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions).

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Isoelectronic Species

Atoms or ions with the same number of electrons.

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Non-metals and Covalent Bonding

Elements that readily share electrons to form covalent bonds.

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Chemical Formula

A chemical formula represents the types and numbers of atoms in a compound.

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Bohr-Rutherford Model

A model that depicts the arrangement of electrons in energy levels around the nucleus of an atom.

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Noble Gases

Group VIIIA elements, characterized by a full outer shell of electrons, making them chemically inert.

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Study Notes

Chemical Reactions

  • In an experiment, 2.4g of magnesium reacts with 78g of hydrochloric acid. 
  • To prove the law, in §54, only if gas was collected and its mass determined.
  • Gas produced: Hydrogen gas.
  • How much? 2.4÷24 = 0.1g, 7.8÷36.5 = 0.2g, Hydrogen 335

Types of Reactions

  • Synthesis: A + B → AB
  • Decomposition: AB → A + B
  • Combustion: CxHy + O2 → CO2 + H2O
  • Single Displacement: A + BC → AC + B
  • Double Displacement: AB + CD → AD + CB

Acids and Bases

Acids

  • Sours
  • Dissolves in water
  • Reactive and corrosive
  • Good electricity
  • Metals to form hydrogen
  • Litmus paper red
  • pH < 7

Bases

  • Bitter tasting
  • Feels slippery
  • Good electricity
  • Neutralizes acid
  • Litmus paper blue
  • pH > 7

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