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Questions and Answers
What is the pH range of a solution?
What is the pH range of a solution?
- 0-10
- 0-14 (correct)
- 1-15
- 0-12
What happens when an acid reacts with a metal?
What happens when an acid reacts with a metal?
- It produces O2 gas
- It produces H2 gas (correct)
- It produces CO2 gas
- It produces NH3 gas
What is the characteristic of a strong acid?
What is the characteristic of a strong acid?
- It completely dissociates in water (correct)
- It reacts with oils to produce soap
- It reacts with metals to produce CO2 gas
- It partially dissociates in water
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
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What happens when an alkali reacts with oils?
What happens when an alkali reacts with oils?
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What is the characteristic of a weak alkali?
What is the characteristic of a weak alkali?
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Study Notes
Definition and Examples
- Acids: Substances that donate a proton (H+ ion) in a solution. Examples:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
- Alkalis (Bases): Substances that accept a proton (H+ ion) in a solution. Examples:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
- Ammonia (NH3)
pH Scale
- pH: A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
- pH range: 0-14
- Acidic: pH < 7
- Neutral: pH = 7
- Alkaline: pH > 7
Characteristics of Acids and Alkalis
- Acids:
- Turn litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce H2 gas
- React with carbonates to produce CO2 gas
- Alkalis:
- Turn litmus paper blue
- Feel soapy to the touch
- React with oils to produce soap
Strong and Weak Acids and Alkalis
- Strong acids: Completely dissociate in water, releasing all H+ ions. Examples:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Weak acids: Partially dissociate in water, releasing some H+ ions. Examples:
- Citric acid (C6H8O7)
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- Strong alkalis: Completely dissociate in water, releasing all OH- ions. Examples:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
- Weak alkalis: Partially dissociate in water, releasing some OH- ions. Examples:
- Ammonia (NH3)
- Trimethylamine (N(CH3)3)
Definition of Acids and Alkalis
- Acids: substances that donate a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Examples of acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3)
- Alkalis (Bases): substances that accept a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Examples of alkalis: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2), ammonia (NH3)
pH Scale
- pH: a measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
- pH range: 0-14
- Acidic: pH < 7
- Neutral: pH = 7
- Alkaline: pH > 7
Characteristics of Acids
- Turn litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce H2 gas
- React with carbonates to produce CO2 gas
Characteristics of Alkalis
- Turn litmus paper blue
- Feel soapy to the touch
- React with oils to produce soap
Strong and Weak Acids and Alkalis
- Strong acids: completely dissociate in water, releasing all H+ ions
- Examples of strong acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Weak acids: partially dissociate in water, releasing some H+ ions
- Examples of weak acids: citric acid (C6H8O7), acetic acid (CH3COOH)
- Strong alkalis: completely dissociate in water, releasing all OH- ions
- Examples of strong alkalis: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
- Weak alkalis: partially dissociate in water, releasing some OH- ions
- Examples of weak alkalis: ammonia (NH3), trimethylamine (N(CH3)3)
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