Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of an acid?
Donates a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
Which of the following is an example of a base?
Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
What is formed when an acid and a base react?
A salt
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
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Which of the following is a characteristic of a salt?
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What is the formula to calculate pH?
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Which of the following is an example of a salt formed through the reaction of an acid and a metal oxide?
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What is the term for the ability of a base to accept protons in a solution?
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Study Notes
Acids
- Definition: A substance that donates a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Characteristics:
- Taste sour
- Turn litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- Increase the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
- Examples:
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
- Nitric acid (HNO3)
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
Bases
- Definition: A substance that accepts a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Characteristics:
- Taste bitter
- Turn litmus paper blue
- Feel slippery to the touch
- Decrease the concentration of H+ ions in a solution
- Examples:
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)
- Ammonia (NH3)
- Baking soda (NaHCO3)
Salts
- Definition: A compound formed by the reaction of an acid and a base
- Characteristics:
- Neutral in nature (pH 7)
- Do not affect the pH of a solution
- Can be formed through various methods, including:
- Reaction of an acid and a base
- Reaction of an acid and a metal oxide
- Reaction of a base and a metal carbonate
- Examples:
- Sodium chloride (NaCl)
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
- Aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3)
- Copper nitrate (Cu(NO3)2)
pH Scale
- A scale used to measure the acidity or basicity of a solution
- Ranges from 0-14, with:
- 0-1: Strongly acidic
- 2-3: Acidic
- 4-5: Weakly acidic
- 6-7: Neutral
- 8-9: Weakly basic
- 10-14: Basic
- pH is calculated using the formula: pH = -log[H+]
Acids
- Donates a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Sour taste
- Turns litmus paper red
- Reacts with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- Increases concentration of H+ ions in a solution
- Examples: HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH
Bases
- Accepts a proton (H+ ion) in a solution
- Bitter taste
- Turns litmus paper blue
- Feels slippery to the touch
- Decreases concentration of H+ ions in a solution
- Examples: NaOH, Ca(OH)2, NH3, NaHCO3
Salts
- Formed by reaction of acid and base
- Neutral in nature (pH 7)
- Does not affect pH of a solution
- Can be formed through:
- Acid-base reaction
- Acid-metal oxide reaction
- Base-metal carbonate reaction
- Examples: NaCl, CaCO3, Al2(SO4)3, Cu(NO3)2
pH Scale
- Measures acidity/basicity of a solution
- Ranges from 0-14
- pH levels:
- 0-1: Strongly acidic
- 2-3: Acidic
- 4-5: Weakly acidic
- 6-7: Neutral
- 8-9: Weakly basic
- 10-14: Basic
- pH formula: pH = -log[H+]
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