9 Questions
What is an acid?
A substance that donates a proton
What is the characteristic of a base that affects the sense of touch?
It feels slippery
What is the pH range of an acidic solution?
0-6.9
What is a strong acid?
A substance that completely dissociates in water
What is the purpose of salts in the body?
To maintain nerve function
What is formed when an acid and a base react?
A salt
What is the characteristic of an acid that affects the sense of taste?
It tastes sour
What is the pH of a neutral solution?
7
What is a weak base?
A substance that partially dissociates in water
Study Notes
Definitions
- Acid: A substance that donates a proton (H+ ion)
- Base: A substance that accepts a proton (H+ ion)
- Salt: A substance formed by the reaction of an acid and a base
Characteristics of Acids and Bases
Acids:
- Taste sour
- Conduct electricity
- Turn litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- Increase hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution
Bases:
- Taste bitter
- Feel slippery
- Conduct electricity
- Turn litmus paper blue
- Decrease hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution
pH Scale
- Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
- Ranges from 0-14, with:
- 0-6.9: Acidic
- 7: Neutral
- 7.1-14: Basic
Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
- Strong Acids: Completely dissociate in water, releasing all H+ ions (e.g. HCl, H2SO4)
- Weak Acids: Partially dissociate in water, releasing some H+ ions (e.g. CH3COOH)
- Strong Bases: Completely dissociate in water, releasing all OH- ions (e.g. NaOH)
- Weak Bases: Partially dissociate in water, releasing some OH- ions (e.g. NH3)
Salt Formation
- Formed by the reaction of an acid and a base
- Can be acidic, basic, or neutral depending on the acid and base used
- Examples:
- Sodium chloride (NaCl): formed from HCl (acid) and NaOH (base)
- Calcium carbonate (CaCO3): formed from H2CO3 (acid) and Ca(OH)2 (base)
Importance of Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Acids and bases are essential for many biological processes
- Salts are crucial for maintaining proper bodily functions (e.g. nerve function, hydration)
Definitions
- Acids are substances that donate a proton (H+ ion)
- Bases are substances that accept a proton (H+ ion)
- Salts are formed by the reaction of an acid and a base
Characteristics of Acids
- Taste sour
- Conduct electricity
- Turn litmus paper red
- React with metals to produce hydrogen gas
- Increase hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution
Characteristics of Bases
- Taste bitter
- Feel slippery
- Conduct electricity
- Turn litmus paper blue
- Decrease hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution
pH Scale
- Measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution
- Ranges from 0-14, with acidic solutions having a pH below 7, neutral solutions having a pH of 7, and basic solutions having a pH above 7
Strong and Weak Acids and Bases
- Strong acids completely dissociate in water, releasing all H+ ions
- Weak acids partially dissociate in water, releasing some H+ ions
- Strong bases completely dissociate in water, releasing all OH- ions
- Weak bases partially dissociate in water, releasing some OH- ions
Salt Formation
- Salts can be acidic, basic, or neutral depending on the acid and base used
- Examples of salts include sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
Importance of Acids, Bases, and Salts
- Acids and bases are essential for many biological processes
- Salts are crucial for maintaining proper bodily functions, such as nerve function and hydration
Learn about the definitions and characteristics of acids and bases, including their properties and behaviors. Test your knowledge on the differences between acids and bases.
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