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Questions and Answers
What is the compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
What is the compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
- Increased fixed acid accumulation
- Increased buffer base
- Renal excretion of HCO3- (correct)
- Excessive loss of HCO3-
What can help identify the cause of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?
What can help identify the cause of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis?
- Increased buffer base
- Excessive loss of HCO3-
- Normal anion gap
- Anion gap (correct)
What is the most common cause of hypoxemia?
What is the most common cause of hypoxemia?
- Fever
- Anxiety (correct)
- Pain
- Clinical signs
What is the compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis?
What is the compensation mechanism for metabolic acidosis?
What is the cause of metabolic alkalosis?
What is the cause of metabolic alkalosis?
What occurs during normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
What occurs during normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
What can help offset the loss of HCO3- during vomiting?
What can help offset the loss of HCO3- during vomiting?
What is the cause of excessive loss of HCO3- in metabolic acidosis?
What is the cause of excessive loss of HCO3- in metabolic acidosis?
What is the normal range for PaCO2 in arterial blood?
What is the normal range for PaCO2 in arterial blood?
Which condition is characterized by PaCO2 levels below 35 mm Hg?
Which condition is characterized by PaCO2 levels below 35 mm Hg?
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
In respiratory acidosis, what is the compensation by the kidneys?
In respiratory acidosis, what is the compensation by the kidneys?
What is the goal of correction in respiratory acidosis?
What is the goal of correction in respiratory acidosis?
What may be detrimental for a patient with chronic respiratory acidosis and renal compensation?
What may be detrimental for a patient with chronic respiratory acidosis and renal compensation?
What effect does respiratory alkalosis have on arterial PaCO2?
What effect does respiratory alkalosis have on arterial PaCO2?
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
What is the normal range for pH in arterial blood?
What is the normal range for pH in arterial blood?
What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
What is the primary cause of respiratory acidosis?
What is the compensation mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?
What is the compensation mechanism for metabolic alkalosis?
What occurs during normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
What occurs during normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
What is the compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
What is the compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
What is the goal of correction in respiratory acidosis?
What is the goal of correction in respiratory acidosis?
What may be detrimental for a patient with chronic respiratory acidosis and renal compensation?
What may be detrimental for a patient with chronic respiratory acidosis and renal compensation?
What effect does respiratory alkalosis have on arterial PaCO2?
What effect does respiratory alkalosis have on arterial PaCO2?
What is the most common cause of hypoxemia?
What is the most common cause of hypoxemia?
What is the compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
What is the compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis?
What occurs during normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
What occurs during normal anion gap metabolic acidosis?
What is the cause of excessive loss of HCO3- in metabolic acidosis?
What is the cause of excessive loss of HCO3- in metabolic acidosis?
What may be detrimental for a patient with chronic respiratory acidosis and renal compensation?
What may be detrimental for a patient with chronic respiratory acidosis and renal compensation?
What is the cause of metabolic alkalosis?
What is the cause of metabolic alkalosis?
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
What is the primary cause of respiratory alkalosis?
What can help offset the loss of HCO3- during vomiting?
What can help offset the loss of HCO3- during vomiting?
In the context of acid-base disorders, what does AG less than 9 meq/l indicate?
In the context of acid-base disorders, what does AG less than 9 meq/l indicate?
What is the primary acid-base disorder indicated by AG less than 9 meq/l?
What is the primary acid-base disorder indicated by AG less than 9 meq/l?
What acid-base imbalance is associated with AG less than 9 meq/l?
What acid-base imbalance is associated with AG less than 9 meq/l?
In the context of acid-base disorders, when is the anion gap (AG) considered greater than 14 meq/l?
In the context of acid-base disorders, when is the anion gap (AG) considered greater than 14 meq/l?
What does an anion gap (AG) less than 9 meq/l indicate in the context of acid-base disorders?
What does an anion gap (AG) less than 9 meq/l indicate in the context of acid-base disorders?
What is the significance of an anion gap (AG) greater than 14 meq/l in acid-base disorders?
What is the significance of an anion gap (AG) greater than 14 meq/l in acid-base disorders?
What is the goal of RAAS?
What is the goal of RAAS?
What is the primary function of angiotensin II in RAAS?
What is the primary function of angiotensin II in RAAS?
What is the role of aldosterone in the RAAS?
What is the role of aldosterone in the RAAS?
What is the primary effect of angiotensin II on blood vessels?
What is the primary effect of angiotensin II on blood vessels?
How does angiotensin II affect the kidneys' ability to excrete water?
How does angiotensin II affect the kidneys' ability to excrete water?
What is the impact of angiotensin II on fluid volume and blood pressure?
What is the impact of angiotensin II on fluid volume and blood pressure?
What is the primary effect of Angiotensin II on the kidneys?
What is the primary effect of Angiotensin II on the kidneys?
What is the role of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) in response to Angiotensin II?
What is the role of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) in response to Angiotensin II?
What is the impact of Angiotensin II on aldosterone release and urine production?
What is the impact of Angiotensin II on aldosterone release and urine production?
What is the role of angiotensin II in the release of aldosterone?
What is the role of angiotensin II in the release of aldosterone?
What is the impact of Angiotensin II on the kidneys' handling of sodium and water?
What is the impact of Angiotensin II on the kidneys' handling of sodium and water?
What is the effect of Angiotensin II on Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) in the kidneys?
What is the effect of Angiotensin II on Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) in the kidneys?
Normal hypoxemia on room air
Normal hypoxemia on room air
In the context of oxygen therapy, when is FiO2 adjusted based on PaO2 levels?
In the context of oxygen therapy, when is FiO2 adjusted based on PaO2 levels?
When is FiO2 adjusted if PaO2 levels are not within the normal range?
When is FiO2 adjusted if PaO2 levels are not within the normal range?
What does FiO2 Corrected refer to in the context of oxygen therapy?
What does FiO2 Corrected refer to in the context of oxygen therapy?
Which of the following is a potential cause of impaired gas exchange in respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following is a potential cause of impaired gas exchange in respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following conditions can contribute to the development of respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following conditions can contribute to the development of respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following medications is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis in a patient?
Which of the following medications is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis in a patient?
Which of the following can cause respiratory alkalosis?
Which of the following can cause respiratory alkalosis?
What is a potential cause of hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis?
What is a potential cause of hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis?
Which of the following conditions can contribute to the development of respiratory alkalosis?
Which of the following conditions can contribute to the development of respiratory alkalosis?
What can cause acid production leading to metabolic acidosis?
What can cause acid production leading to metabolic acidosis?
Which condition can contribute to the development of metabolic acidosis?
Which condition can contribute to the development of metabolic acidosis?
What can be a consequence of malnutrition in relation to acid-base balance?
What can be a consequence of malnutrition in relation to acid-base balance?
Which of the following is a potential cause of metabolic alkalosis?
Which of the following is a potential cause of metabolic alkalosis?
What can contribute to the development of metabolic alkalosis?
What can contribute to the development of metabolic alkalosis?
What is a potential cause of excessive loss of acid leading to metabolic alkalosis?
What is a potential cause of excessive loss of acid leading to metabolic alkalosis?
Flashcards
Respiratory Alkalosis Compensation
Respiratory Alkalosis Compensation
Kidneys increase bicarbonate reabsorption.
Metabolic Acidosis Cause Identification
Metabolic Acidosis Cause Identification
Determine the underlying disease.
Hypoxemia Common Cause
Hypoxemia Common Cause
Respiratory disease or dysfunction.
Metabolic Acidosis Respiratory Compensation
Metabolic Acidosis Respiratory Compensation
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Metabolic Alkalosis Cause
Metabolic Alkalosis Cause
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Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Normal Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
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Respiratory Acidosis Compensation
Respiratory Acidosis Compensation
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Respiratory Acidosis Primary Cause
Respiratory Acidosis Primary Cause
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Respiratory Acidosis Correction Goal
Respiratory Acidosis Correction Goal
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Chronic Respiratory Acidosis Correction
Chronic Respiratory Acidosis Correction
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Anion Gap Normal Range
Anion Gap Normal Range
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Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Non-Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
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Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
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RAAS Goal
RAAS Goal
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Angiotensin II Primary Function
Angiotensin II Primary Function
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Aldosterone's Role
Aldosterone's Role
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Angiotensin II's Effect on Vessels
Angiotensin II's Effect on Vessels
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Angiotensin II's Effect on Volume/Pressure
Angiotensin II's Effect on Volume/Pressure
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Angiotensin II's Effect on Kidneys
Angiotensin II's Effect on Kidneys
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ADH & Angiotensin II Role
ADH & Angiotensin II Role
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Hypoxemia On Room Air
Hypoxemia On Room Air
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Oxygen Therapy Adjustment
Oxygen Therapy Adjustment
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FiO2 Corrected
FiO2 Corrected
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Impaired Gas Exchange in Respiratory Acidosis
Impaired Gas Exchange in Respiratory Acidosis
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Conditions Contributing to Respiratory Acidosis
Conditions Contributing to Respiratory Acidosis
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Respiratory Alkalosis Causes
Respiratory Alkalosis Causes
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Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of Metabolic Acidosis
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Study Notes
Acid-Base Disorders
- Compensation mechanism for respiratory alkalosis: increased bicarbonate reabsorption by the kidneys
- Identifying the cause of increased anion gap metabolic acidosis: determining the underlying disorder or condition
- Most common cause of hypoxemia: respiratory disease or dysfunction
Metabolic Acidosis
- Compensation mechanism: respiratory system increases ventilation to expel CO2, lowering PaCO2
- Cause of metabolic alkalosis: excessive loss of H+ or Cl- ions, or gain of HCO3- ions
- Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis: occurs due to increased production or decreased excretion of organic acids
Respiratory Acidosis
- Compensation mechanism: kidneys reabsorb more bicarbonate, increasing blood pH
- Primary cause: respiratory dysfunction or disease, leading to increased PaCO2
- Goal of correction: returning PaCO2 to normal range
- Detrimental for patients with chronic respiratory acidosis and renal compensation: overly aggressive correction
Anion Gap
- Normal range: 9-14 meq/l
- AG less than 9 meq/l: indicates non-anion gap metabolic acidosis
- AG greater than 14 meq/l: indicates anion gap metabolic acidosis
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)
- Goal of RAAS: regulating blood pressure and fluid volume
- Primary function of angiotensin II: vasoconstriction and stimulation of aldosterone release
- Role of aldosterone: regulating sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys
- Primary effect of angiotensin II on blood vessels: vasoconstriction
- Impact of angiotensin II on fluid volume and blood pressure: increased blood pressure and fluid volume
- Primary effect of angiotensin II on the kidneys: increased sodium and water reabsorption
- Role of Anti-Diuretic Hormone (ADH) in response to angiotensin II: increased water reabsorption
Oxygen Therapy
- Normal hypoxemia on room air: PaO2 < 60 mmHg
- FiO2 adjusted based on PaO2 levels: to maintain a safe and effective oxygen therapy
- FiO2 Corrected: refers to the correction of oxygen therapy based on PaO2 levels
Respiratory and Metabolic Acidosis
- Potential cause of impaired gas exchange in respiratory acidosis: respiratory disease or dysfunction
- Conditions that can contribute to the development of respiratory acidosis: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and sedatives
- Medications that can cause respiratory acidosis: sedatives, anesthetics, and opioids
- Conditions that can cause respiratory alkalosis: hyperventilation, anxiety, and fever
- Potential cause of hyperventilation leading to respiratory alkalosis: anxiety, fever, or pain
- Conditions that can contribute to the development of metabolic acidosis: diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, and renal failure
- Causes of acid production leading to metabolic acidosis: diabetic ketoacidosis, lactic acidosis, and starvation
- Consequences of malnutrition in relation to acid-base balance: metabolic acidosis
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Description
Test your knowledge of acid-base balance in the body with this quiz. Explore the role of the kidneys and lungs in controlling pH levels, and learn about normal ranges and compensation mechanisms. Brush up on terms like alkalemia, acidemia, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation, and understand conditions like respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis.
