Acid-Base Balance Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the pH value for respiratory acidosis with fully compensated?

  • 7.55
  • 7.43
  • 7.37 (correct)
  • 7.35

    • What are the manifestations of hypokalemia?

  • High and slow heart pumps, ST depression wave, hyporeflexia (correct)
  • High and slow heart pumps, ST depression wave, constipation
  • High and slow heart pumps, shallow respiration, muscle clamping
  • Flat T wave, decreased DTR, constipation

    • What is the priority risk for individuals with hypokalemia?

  • Decreased deep tendon reflexes
  • Hypoactive bowel sounds
  • Paralytic ileus
  • Small bowel obstruction (correct)

    • What is the function of potassium (K+)?

    <p>Pumps the heart and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of sodium in the body?

    <p>Maintains blood pressure, blood volume, and pH balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of hypernatremia?

    <p>Body swelling, flushed red rosey skin, and increased muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloride in the body?

    <p>Maintains blood pressure, blood volume, and pH balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of magnesium in the body?

    <p>Mellows the muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Low mellow excited heart, low DTR, and hyperreflexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>Renal failure and alcoholism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of calcium in the body?

    <p>Maintains strong bones, blood clotting, and muscle contractions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of hypocalcemia?

    <p>Trousseau's sign, Chvostek's sign, and diarrhea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of hypocalcemia?

    <p>Hypoparathyroidism and renal failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia?

    <p>Kidney stones, constipation, and bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of hypercalcemia?

    <p>Hyperparathyroidism and cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of phosphate in the body?

    <p>Has an inverse relationship with calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH value for metabolic alkalosis partially compensated?

    <p>7.55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of hypokalemia?

    <p>Hyperactive bowel sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority risk for individuals with hypokalemia?

    <p>Small bowel obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH value for respiratory acidosis with fully compensated?

    <p>7.43</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for potassium (K+)?

    <p>3.5-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Excessive aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Flat T wave and ST depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of potassium (K+)?

    <p>Pumps the heart and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the causes of hypokalemia?

    <p>Fluid loss (electrolyte loss)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of potassium (K+)?

    <p>Pumps the heart and muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pH value for metabolic alkalosis fully compensated?

    <p>7.55</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range for potassium (K+)?

    <p>3.5-5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a manifestation of hypernatremia?

    <p>Flushed, red, rosey skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the manifestation of hypochloremia?

    <p>Fatigue, muscle cramps, fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hyperphosphatemia?

    <p>High PTH lead to high calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of chloride (Cl) in the body?

    <p>Maintains pH balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the manifestation of hypomagnesemia?

    <p>Increased deep tendon reflexes (DTR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hypocalcemia?

    <p>Low PTH leading to low calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of hypermagnesemia?

    <p>High mellow heart block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of potassium (K+) in the body?

    <p>Mellows the muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cause of hyperkalemia?

    <p>Low aldosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of hypernatremia?

    <p>Body big, edema, increased muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of magnesium (Mg) in the body?

    <p>Maintains blood pressure and blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia?

    <p>Kidney stones, constipation, bone pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acid-Base Imbalances

    • Respiratory Acidosis (Fully Compensated): pH value typically near normal range (7.35-7.45).
    • Metabolic Alkalosis (Partially Compensated): pH value above normal (greater than 7.45) but not fully compensated.
    • Metabolic Alkalosis (Fully Compensated): pH value usually remains within normal range but may demonstrate bicarbonate retention.

    Potassium (K+)

    • Normal Range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.
    • Function: Crucial for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and maintaining fluid balance.
    • Hypokalemia: Symptoms include muscle weakness, cramping, fatigue, and arrhythmias. Priority risk involves life-threatening cardiac disturbances.
    • Hyperkalemia: Symptoms include muscle weakness, fatigue, palpitations, and ECG changes.

    Sodium (Na+)

    • Function: Vital for fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle function.
    • Hypernatremia: Symptoms include thirst, confusion, muscle twitching, and seizures.

    Chloride (Cl)

    • Function: Works with sodium to maintain osmotic pressure and acid-base balance.
    • Hypochloremia: Symptoms may include muscle spasms and metabolic alkalosis.

    Magnesium (Mg)

    • Function: Important for enzyme activity, muscular function, and the synthesis of DNA and proteins.
    • Hypomagnesemia: Symptoms include muscle weakness, tremors, and seizures.
    • Hypermagnesemia: Symptoms may include hypotension, slowed reflexes, and respiratory distress.

    Calcium (Ca)

    • Function: Essential for bone structure, coagulation, and intracellular signaling.
    • Hypocalcemia: Causes include vitamin D deficiency, kidney dysfunction, and hypoparathyroidism. Symptoms include muscle cramps, tingling, and cardiac issues.
    • Hypercalcemia: Causes may include hyperparathyroidism and malignancies. Symptoms often include nausea, vomiting, weakness, and confusion.

    Phosphate (PO4)

    • Function: Crucial for energy production (ATP), bone mineralization, and cell membrane integrity.
    • Hyperphosphatemia: Often caused by kidney failure, may lead to calcification of tissues.

    Note on Key Manifestations

    • Hypokalemia: Muscle weakness, fatigue, arrhythmias; priority risk includes cardiac disturbances.
    • Hyperkalemia: Similar manifestations; can also lead to life-threatening arrhythmias.
    • Hypernatremia: Thirst, confusion, seizures.
    • Hypomagnesemia: Muscle cramps, tremors; can exacerbate hypokalemia.
    • Hypercalcemia: Nausea, weakness, arrhythmias; risk for hypercalcemic crisis.

    Summary on Causes

    • Causes of Hypokalemia: Diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, adrenal disorders.
    • Causes of Hyperkalemia: Kidney dysfunction, excessive potassium intake, or metabolic acidosis.
    • Causes of Hypocalcemia: Hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease.
    • Causes of Hypercalcemia: Hyperparathyroidism, cancer, prolonged immobilization.

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    Electrolyte Imbalances PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge of acid-base balance with this quiz. Practice identifying different types of imbalances based on pH, Paco2, and Hco3 levels. Sharpen your skills in recognizing metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and more.

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