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Questions and Answers
What is the pH value for respiratory acidosis with fully compensated?
What is the pH value for respiratory acidosis with fully compensated?
- 7.55
- 7.43
- 7.37 (correct)
- 7.35
What are the manifestations of hypokalemia?
What are the manifestations of hypokalemia?
- High and slow heart pumps, ST depression wave, hyporeflexia (correct)
- High and slow heart pumps, ST depression wave, constipation
- High and slow heart pumps, shallow respiration, muscle clamping
- Flat T wave, decreased DTR, constipation
What is the priority risk for individuals with hypokalemia?
What is the priority risk for individuals with hypokalemia?
- Decreased deep tendon reflexes
- Hypoactive bowel sounds
- Paralytic ileus
- Small bowel obstruction (correct)
What is the function of potassium (K+)?
What is the function of potassium (K+)?
What is the function of sodium in the body?
What is the function of sodium in the body?
What are the manifestations of hypernatremia?
What are the manifestations of hypernatremia?
What is the function of chloride in the body?
What is the function of chloride in the body?
What is the function of magnesium in the body?
What is the function of magnesium in the body?
What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia?
What are the manifestations of hypomagnesemia?
What are the causes of hypermagnesemia?
What are the causes of hypermagnesemia?
What is the function of calcium in the body?
What is the function of calcium in the body?
What are the manifestations of hypocalcemia?
What are the manifestations of hypocalcemia?
What are the causes of hypocalcemia?
What are the causes of hypocalcemia?
What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia?
What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia?
What are the causes of hypercalcemia?
What are the causes of hypercalcemia?
What is the function of phosphate in the body?
What is the function of phosphate in the body?
What is the pH value for metabolic alkalosis partially compensated?
What is the pH value for metabolic alkalosis partially compensated?
What are the manifestations of hypokalemia?
What are the manifestations of hypokalemia?
What is the priority risk for individuals with hypokalemia?
What is the priority risk for individuals with hypokalemia?
What is the pH value for respiratory acidosis with fully compensated?
What is the pH value for respiratory acidosis with fully compensated?
What is the normal range for potassium (K+)?
What is the normal range for potassium (K+)?
What are the causes of hyperkalemia?
What are the causes of hyperkalemia?
What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia?
What are the manifestations of hyperkalemia?
What is the function of potassium (K+)?
What is the function of potassium (K+)?
What are the causes of hypokalemia?
What are the causes of hypokalemia?
What is the function of potassium (K+)?
What is the function of potassium (K+)?
What is the pH value for metabolic alkalosis fully compensated?
What is the pH value for metabolic alkalosis fully compensated?
What is the normal range for potassium (K+)?
What is the normal range for potassium (K+)?
Which of the following is a manifestation of hypernatremia?
Which of the following is a manifestation of hypernatremia?
What is the manifestation of hypochloremia?
What is the manifestation of hypochloremia?
What is a cause of hyperphosphatemia?
What is a cause of hyperphosphatemia?
What is the function of chloride (Cl) in the body?
What is the function of chloride (Cl) in the body?
What is the manifestation of hypomagnesemia?
What is the manifestation of hypomagnesemia?
What is a cause of hypocalcemia?
What is a cause of hypocalcemia?
What are the manifestations of hypermagnesemia?
What are the manifestations of hypermagnesemia?
What is the function of potassium (K+) in the body?
What is the function of potassium (K+) in the body?
What is a cause of hyperkalemia?
What is a cause of hyperkalemia?
What are the manifestations of hypernatremia?
What are the manifestations of hypernatremia?
What is the function of magnesium (Mg) in the body?
What is the function of magnesium (Mg) in the body?
What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia?
What are the manifestations of hypercalcemia?
Flashcards
Respiratory Acidosis (Fully Compensated)
Respiratory Acidosis (Fully Compensated)
A state where the pH of the blood is within the normal range (7.35-7.45) even though there is an underlying respiratory acidosis.
Metabolic Alkalosis (Partially Compensated)
Metabolic Alkalosis (Partially Compensated)
A state where the pH of the blood is higher than normal (greater than 7.45) but the body is not fully able to compensate.
Metabolic Alkalosis (Fully Compensated)
Metabolic Alkalosis (Fully Compensated)
A state where the pH of the blood is within the normal range (7.35-7.45) despite an underlying metabolic alkalosis. The body compensates by retaining bicarbonate.
Normal Potassium Level
Normal Potassium Level
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Function of Potassium
Function of Potassium
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Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia
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Symptoms of Hypokalemia
Symptoms of Hypokalemia
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Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia
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Symptoms of Hyperkalemia
Symptoms of Hyperkalemia
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Function of Sodium
Function of Sodium
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Hypernatremia
Hypernatremia
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Symptoms of Hypernatremia
Symptoms of Hypernatremia
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Function of Chloride
Function of Chloride
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Hypochloremia
Hypochloremia
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Symptoms of Hypochloremia
Symptoms of Hypochloremia
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Function of Magnesium
Function of Magnesium
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Hypomagnesemia
Hypomagnesemia
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Symptoms of Hypomagnesemia
Symptoms of Hypomagnesemia
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Hypermagnesemia
Hypermagnesemia
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Symptoms of Hypermagnesemia
Symptoms of Hypermagnesemia
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Function of Calcium
Function of Calcium
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Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia
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Causes of Hypocalcemia
Causes of Hypocalcemia
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Symptoms of Hypocalcemia
Symptoms of Hypocalcemia
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Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia
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Causes of Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
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Symptoms of Hypercalcemia
Symptoms of Hypercalcemia
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Function of Phosphate
Function of Phosphate
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Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperphosphatemia
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Causes and Effects of Hyperphosphatemia
Causes and Effects of Hyperphosphatemia
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Study Notes
Acid-Base Imbalances
- Respiratory Acidosis (Fully Compensated): pH value typically near normal range (7.35-7.45).
- Metabolic Alkalosis (Partially Compensated): pH value above normal (greater than 7.45) but not fully compensated.
- Metabolic Alkalosis (Fully Compensated): pH value usually remains within normal range but may demonstrate bicarbonate retention.
Potassium (K+)
- Normal Range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L.
- Function: Crucial for muscle contraction, nerve transmission, and maintaining fluid balance.
- Hypokalemia: Symptoms include muscle weakness, cramping, fatigue, and arrhythmias. Priority risk involves life-threatening cardiac disturbances.
- Hyperkalemia: Symptoms include muscle weakness, fatigue, palpitations, and ECG changes.
Sodium (Na+)
- Function: Vital for fluid balance, nerve impulse transmission, and muscle function.
- Hypernatremia: Symptoms include thirst, confusion, muscle twitching, and seizures.
Chloride (Cl)
- Function: Works with sodium to maintain osmotic pressure and acid-base balance.
- Hypochloremia: Symptoms may include muscle spasms and metabolic alkalosis.
Magnesium (Mg)
- Function: Important for enzyme activity, muscular function, and the synthesis of DNA and proteins.
- Hypomagnesemia: Symptoms include muscle weakness, tremors, and seizures.
- Hypermagnesemia: Symptoms may include hypotension, slowed reflexes, and respiratory distress.
Calcium (Ca)
- Function: Essential for bone structure, coagulation, and intracellular signaling.
- Hypocalcemia: Causes include vitamin D deficiency, kidney dysfunction, and hypoparathyroidism. Symptoms include muscle cramps, tingling, and cardiac issues.
- Hypercalcemia: Causes may include hyperparathyroidism and malignancies. Symptoms often include nausea, vomiting, weakness, and confusion.
Phosphate (PO4)
- Function: Crucial for energy production (ATP), bone mineralization, and cell membrane integrity.
- Hyperphosphatemia: Often caused by kidney failure, may lead to calcification of tissues.
Note on Key Manifestations
- Hypokalemia: Muscle weakness, fatigue, arrhythmias; priority risk includes cardiac disturbances.
- Hyperkalemia: Similar manifestations; can also lead to life-threatening arrhythmias.
- Hypernatremia: Thirst, confusion, seizures.
- Hypomagnesemia: Muscle cramps, tremors; can exacerbate hypokalemia.
- Hypercalcemia: Nausea, weakness, arrhythmias; risk for hypercalcemic crisis.
Summary on Causes
- Causes of Hypokalemia: Diuretics, vomiting, diarrhea, adrenal disorders.
- Causes of Hyperkalemia: Kidney dysfunction, excessive potassium intake, or metabolic acidosis.
- Causes of Hypocalcemia: Hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, chronic kidney disease.
- Causes of Hypercalcemia: Hyperparathyroidism, cancer, prolonged immobilization.
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Description
Test your knowledge of acid-base balance with this quiz. Practice identifying different types of imbalances based on pH, Paco2, and Hco3 levels. Sharpen your skills in recognizing metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, and more.