Acid-Base Balance Quiz
59 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the normal pH range for arterial blood?

  • 7.35 - 7.45 (correct)
  • 7.0 - 7.35
  • 7.4 - 7.5
  • 7.45 - 8.0

    • How does hypo-ventilation affect blood pH?

  • Increases blood pH due to more carbon dioxide
  • Has no effect on blood pH
  • Decreases blood pH due to more oxygen
  • Decreases blood pH due to increased carbon dioxide (correct)

    • What condition is indicated when arterial blood pH is less than 7.35?

  • Hyperventilation
  • Respiratory alkalosis
  • Alkalosis
  • Acidemia (correct)

    • Which buffer system primarily responds to changes in intracellular fluid (ICF) pH?

    <p>Phosphate buffer system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of bicarbonate ions in the regulation of blood pH?

    <p>Neutralize excess hydrogen ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which condition would the respiratory system attempt to compensate for metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Hyperventilation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary consequence of renal retention of bicarbonate ions?

    <p>Increased blood pH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High levels of PCO2 in arterial blood are indicative of which condition?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Hyperventilation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is primarily responsible for the secretion of hydrogen ions by the kidneys?

    <p>Tubular secretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkalosis is defined as arterial pH greater than 7.45.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Venous blood has a higher pH than interstitial fluid (IF) fluid.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with a blood pH of 7.0 is in a state of acidosis.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperventilation causes an increase in blood pH.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phosphate buffer system has the least significant role in blood pH regulation compared to bicarbonate and protein buffers.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys retain hydrogen ions to increase blood pH.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metabolic alkalosis can occur due to excessive bicarbonate retention by the kidneys.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hypoventilation generally leads to decreased levels of PCO2 in arterial blood.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bicarbonate buffer system is primarily effective in the intracellular fluid (ICF).

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal pH of venous blood?

    <p>7.35 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acidosis is defined as arterial pH less than 7.35.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do the kidneys play in regulating blood pH?

    <p>The kidneys secrete hydrogen ions and retain bicarbonate ions to help regulate blood pH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The normal range for PCO2 in arterial blood is between _____ mmHg.

    <p>35-45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following buffer systems with their primary function:

    <p>Bicarbonate buffer system = Regulates blood pH Phosphate buffer system = Affects intracellular pH Protein buffer system = Maintains pH in blood and interstitial fluid Respiratory system = Regulates gas exchange and blood pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by arterial pH greater than 7.45?

    <p>Alkalosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperventilation results in decreased blood pH.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood pH during hypoventilation?

    <p>Blood pH decreases (becomes more acidic) due to increased levels of carbon dioxide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The bicarbonate buffer system is primarily effective in the _____ fluid.

    <p>extracellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can lead to metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>Excessive bicarbonate retention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the bicarbonate buffer system?

    <p>To regulate blood pH by maintaining bicarbonate ions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acidosis is the condition where arterial blood pH is less than 7.35.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pH is considered normal for arterial blood?

    <p>7.4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the buffer systems to their primary functionality:

    <p>Bicarbonate buffer system = Regulates blood pH Phosphate buffer system = Functions in the kidneys and ICF Protein buffer system = Buffers pH in blood and ICF</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does hyperventilation usually have on blood pH?

    <p>It increases blood pH (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The protein buffer system plays a minor role in maintaining blood pH compared to bicarbonate and phosphate systems.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition occurs when arterial pH exceeds 7.45?

    <p>Alkalosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During hypoventilation, the levels of _____ typically increase in the blood.

    <p>PCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system is primarily effective in regulating pH in the extracellular fluid?

    <p>Bicarbonate buffer system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the role of buffers in maintaining blood pH?

    <p>Buffers can donate or accept hydrogen ions to stabilize pH levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between PCO2 and blood pH?

    <p>Increasing PCO2 levels generally decrease blood pH. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the kidneys affect blood pH in response to acidosis?

    <p>They excrete hydrogen ions and retain bicarbonate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a physiological consequence of hyperventilation?

    <p>It elevates blood pH, leading to respiratory alkalosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which buffer system is most effective in the regulation of blood pH?

    <p>Bicarbonate buffer system. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with a decrease in blood pH?

    <p>Respiratory acidosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which scenario would the bicarbonate system be utilized for compensation?

    <p>To neutralize excess hydrogen ions in metabolic acidosis. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor is likely to disrupt homeostasis and induce respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Chronic lung disease leading to CO2 retention. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the phosphate buffer system primarily function in the body?

    <p>By donating protons in the intracellular fluid. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines the concept of compensation in acid-base balance?

    <p>One system (respiratory or renal) adjusts to counteract changes from the other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The normal pH range for arterial blood is _____ to 7.45.

    <p>7.35</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acidosis or acidemia is defined as arterial pH _____ 7.35.

    <p>less than</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hyperventilation typically results in an increase in blood _____.

    <p>pH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _____ buffer system is primarily effective in the extracellular fluid.

    <p>bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A blood pH of 7.0 indicates a state of _____.

    <p>acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The normal range for _____ in arterial blood is between 35 to 45 mmHg.

    <p>PCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The phosphate buffer system has a significant role in regulating pH in _____ fluid.

    <p>intracellular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Alkalosis or alkalemia is characterized by arterial pH _____ 7.45.

    <p>greater than</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The kidneys help to regulate blood pH by secreting _____ ions.

    <p>hydrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Metabolic alkalosis can occur due to excessive retention of _____ by the kidneys.

    <p>bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Acid

    A substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

    Base

    A substance that accepts hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution.

    pH

    A measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution, on a scale of 0 to 14.

    Buffer

    A substance that resists changes in pH by absorbing or releasing H+ ions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Normal arterial blood pH

    7.4

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Alkalosis

    Arterial blood pH above 7.45.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Acidosis

    Arterial blood pH below 7.35.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Bicarbonate buffer system

    A buffer system in blood that helps maintain pH by taking up excess hydrogen ions.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Respiratory system role in pH

    The respiratory system regulates blood pH by controlling the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Kidneys role in pH

    The kidneys regulate blood pH by excreting hydrogen ions (H+) and reabsorbing bicarbonate (HCO3-).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is the normal pH range for arterial blood?

    The normal pH range for arterial blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Maintaining this narrow range is crucial for proper body function.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What happens when arterial blood pH is above 7.45?

    Arterial blood pH above 7.45 is called alkalosis or alkalemia. It's a state of too much alkalinity in the blood.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What happens when arterial blood pH is below 7.35?

    Arterial blood pH below 7.35 is called acidosis or acidemia. It's a state of too much acidity in the blood.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Explain how the bicarbonate buffer system works.

    The bicarbonate buffer system uses carbonic acid (H2CO3) and bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) to neutralize excess acid or base. It's the primary buffer system in blood.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Explain the role of the respiratory system in pH regulation.

    The respiratory system regulates blood pH by controlling the amount of CO2 in the blood. Higher CO2 levels lead to more acid, while lower CO2 levels lead to more alkalinity.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Explain how the kidneys regulate blood pH.

    The kidneys regulate blood pH by excreting H+ ions and reabsorbing HCO3- ions. They help remove excess acid and conserve bicarbonate, keeping the blood at a stable pH.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is the relationship between PCO2 and HCO3-?

    PCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) and HCO3- (bicarbonate) are inversely related. When PCO2 is high, HCO3- is low, and vice versa.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Describe the concept of compensation in acid-base imbalances.

    Compensation is the body's attempt to return blood pH to normal by adjusting either respiratory or metabolic mechanisms when one system is out of balance.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    How do hypoventilation and hyperventilation affect blood pH?

    Hypoventilation (slow, shallow breathing) increases CO2 in the blood, leading to respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation (rapid, deep breathing) decreases CO2, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What are the mechanisms by which the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions?

    The kidneys secrete H+ ions through active transport mechanisms. They use proton pumps to move H+ into the urine, effectively removing acid from the body.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is pH?

    pH measures the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, using a scale from 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. Lower pH means more acidic, while higher pH means more alkaline.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Normal pH range of arterial blood

    Arterial blood normally has a pH between 7.35 and 7.45. This narrow range is crucial for proper body function.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is acidosis?

    Acidosis is a condition where blood pH falls below 7.35. It means the blood is too acidic.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is alkalosis?

    Alkalosis is a condition where blood pH rises above 7.45. It means the blood is too alkaline.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is a buffer?

    A buffer is a substance that resists changes in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen ions (H+).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Role of respiratory system in pH

    The respiratory system controls your breathing rate and depth, which impacts the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in your blood. CO2 contributes to acidity, so your lungs help maintain pH.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Role of kidneys in pH

    The kidneys regulate pH by removing excess acid (H+) from the blood and conserving bicarbonate (HCO3-).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    What is compensation in acid-base balance?

    Compensation is your body's way of trying to bring your blood pH back to normal. It involves adjusting either respiratory mechanisms (breathing) or metabolic mechanisms (chemical reactions) when one system is out of balance.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Compensation (in acid-base balance)

    The body's attempt to return blood pH to normal by adjusting either respiratory or metabolic mechanisms when one system is out of balance.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Role of the Respiratory System in pH

    The respiratory system controls your breathing rate and depth, which impacts the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) in your blood. CO2 contributes to acidity, so your lungs help maintain pH.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Role of the Kidneys in pH

    The kidneys regulate pH by removing excess acid (H+) from the blood and conserving bicarbonate (HCO3-).

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Compensation in acid-base imbalance

    Compensation is the body's attempt to return blood pH to normal by adjusting either respiratory or metabolic mechanisms when one system is out of balance.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Hypoventilation/Hyperventilation and Blood pH

    Hypoventilation (slow, shallow breathing) increases CO2 in the blood, leading to respiratory acidosis. Hyperventilation (rapid, deep breathing) decreases CO2, leading to respiratory alkalosis.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    How do the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions?

    The kidneys secrete H+ ions through active transport mechanisms. They use proton pumps to move H+ into the urine, effectively removing acid from the body.

    Signup and view all the flashcards

    Study Notes

    Acid-Base Balance

    • pH affects all functional proteins and biochemical reactions, tightly regulated in the body.
    • Normal pH range for arterial blood is 7.4.
    • Venous blood and interstitial fluid (IF) pH is 7.35.
    • Intracellular fluid (ICF) pH is 7.0.
    • Alkalosis, or alkalemia, is an arterial pH greater than 7.45.
    • Acidosis, or acidemia, is an arterial pH less than 7.35.
    • Blood pH below 6.8 leads to CNS depression, coma, and death as ultimate outcomes.
    • Blood pH above 7.8 leads to nervous system excitation, muscle tetany, extreme nervousness, convulsions, and death from respiratory arrest.

    Learning Objectives

    • Define acid, base, pH, and buffer.
    • State the normal pH range for arterial blood.
    • State the chemical equation of the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer systems.
    • Explain the roles of these buffer systems in regulating blood, interstitial fluid, and intracellular pH, including how they respond to pH changes.
    • State the normal ranges for PCO2 and HCO3- in arterial blood, and summarize their relationship to blood pH.
    • Describe the role of the respiratory system in regulating blood pH and predict how hypo- and hyperventilation affect blood pH.
    • Explain the mechanisms by which kidneys secrete hydrogen ions, and how this affects blood pH.
    • Explain the mechanisms by which kidneys retain bicarbonate ions, and how this affects blood pH.
    • Discuss compensation for respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.
    • Determine whether a patient is in normal pH, respiratory acidosis/alkalosis, or metabolic acidosis/alkalosis based on blood gas values and whether the acidosis or alkalosis is compensated.
    • Describe how the cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory, and urinary systems maintain homeostasis.
    • Predict factors or situations that lead to respiratory or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis.

    Sources of Acid Production

    • Small amounts of acidic substances in food; mostly H+ is a byproduct of metabolism.
    • Breakdown of phosphorus-containing proteins releases phosphoric acid into extracellular fluid (ECF).
    • Lactic acid from anaerobic glucose respiration.
    • Fatty acids and ketone bodies from fat metabolism.
    • H+ is liberated when CO2 is converted to HCO3- in blood.

    Acid-Base Regulation Mechanisms

    • Chemical buffer systems (first line of defense, rapid, acts within 1-3 minutes).
    • Brain stem respiratory centers (rapid, first line of defense, acts within 1-3 minutes).
    • Renal mechanisms (most potent, require hours to days to effect pH changes).

    Chemical Buffer Systems

    • Chemical buffers: One or more compounds resisting pH changes when a strong acid or base is added.

      • Bind H+ if pH drops; release H+ if pH increases.

    • Bicarbonate buffer system: Mixture of H2CO3 (weak acid) and salts of HCO3- (weak base), major ECF buffer.

    • Phosphate buffer system: Dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-), a weak acid, and monohydrogen phosphate (HPO42-), a weak base.

    • Protein buffer system: Intracellular proteins, most powerful buffers, plasma proteins, act as both weak acid and weak base, influenced by changes in pH.

    Physiological Buffering Systems

    • Respiratory and renal systems regulate the amount of acid or base in the body, operate more slowly than chemical buffer systems, and have more capacity than chemical buffers.

    Acid-Base Imbalances

    • Chemical buffers cannot eliminate excess acids or bases from the body; however, physiological (respiratory and renal) buffers can.
    • Lungs eliminate volatile carbonic acid by eliminating CO2.
    • Kidneys eliminate nonvolatile acids (phosphoric, uric, lactic, and ketones) and regulate alkaline substances.
    • Respiratory and renal systems compensate for imbalances by other respective organs.

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    Test your knowledge on acid-base balance in the body, focusing on the pH levels of blood and fluids. This quiz covers definitions, normal ranges, and the roles of various buffer systems in maintaining pH. Understand the implications of acidosis and alkalosis effectively.

    More Like This

    pH Regulation and Buffer Systems Quiz
    10 questions

    pH Regulation and Buffer Systems Quiz

    CalmingAmazonite avatar
    CalmingAmazonite
    Acid-Base Balance Regulation
    16 questions

    Acid-Base Balance Regulation

    HonoredByzantineArt avatar
    HonoredByzantineArt
    Buffer Systems and pH Regulation Quiz
    23 questions

    Buffer Systems and pH Regulation Quiz

    IndustriousWalrus avatar
    IndustriousWalrus
    Acid-Base Balance and Regulation
    5 questions

    Acid-Base Balance and Regulation

    EasedHolmium avatar
    EasedHolmium
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser