Acid-Base Balance Regulation
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Questions and Answers

¿Cuál es la definición del pH?

  • El pH es la función logarítmica de la concentración de OH-
  • El pH es la función lineal de la concentración de OH-
  • El pH es la función logarítmica de la concentración de H+ (correct)
  • El pH es la función lineal de la concentración de H+

¿Qué se define como un ácido según la lectura?

  • Una sustancia que elimina OH-
  • Una sustancia que cede OH-
  • Una sustancia que cede H+ (correct)
  • Una sustancia que elimina H+

¿Cuál es el rango fisiológico del pH del líquido extracelular?

  • 7,35 - 7,45 (correct)
  • 6,5 - 7,5
  • 6,8 - 7,8
  • 7,0 - 8,0

¿Qué sustancia se conoce como ácido volátil?

<p>Dióxido de carbono (CO2) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué da lugar a los ácidos no volátiles o fijos en el organismo?

<p>El catabolismo de la glucosa, proteínas y fosfolípidos (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es un ejemplo de sistema tampón intracelular según el texto?

<p>Sistema tampón del fosfato (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es uno de los sistemas tampón más eficaces debido a la regulación adicional de HCO3- que tiene lugar en los riñones?

<p>Sistema tampón del bicarbonato (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la concentración normal de bicarbonato en la sangre arterial?

<p>24 mmol/L (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿En qué condiciones se considera que hay acidosis?

<p>pH &lt; 7,4 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el principal responsable de los cambios en la pCO2 en el cuerpo?

<p>Los pulmones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué ocurre en el organismo durante la alcalosis?

<p>Los riñones eliminan H+ y reabsorben bicarbonato (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cómo se puede calcular el pH sanguíneo utilizando la ecuación de Henderson-Hasselbach?

<p>$pH = pK + log (HCO3- / (0,0301xPCO2))$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué órgano es el principal responsable en la regulación de la concentración de bicarbonato?

<p>Los riñones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué ocurre durante la acidosis metabólica?

<p>Disminución del pH y del bicarbonato en el LEC (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el rango de pH en el que la vida puede existir?

<p>$6,8 - 7,8$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué órganos pueden participar en la compensación ante una acidosis?

<p>Los riñones eliminan H+ y reabsorben bicarbonato (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is pH?

A measure of hydrogen ion (H+) concentration in a solution, expressed on a logarithmic scale from 0 to 14, where 7 is neutral, values below 7 are acidic, and values above 7 are alkaline.

What is an acid?

A substance that donates hydrogen ions (H+).

What is the normal physiological pH of extracellular fluid?

The range of pH in the extracellular fluid of the body, typically between 7.35 and 7.45.

What is volatile acid?

Carbon dioxide (CO2), which is produced as a waste product of metabolism and can contribute to acidity in the blood.

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What are non-volatile or fixed acids?

Acids that are not easily removed from the body by respiration, such as those produced from the catabolism of glucose, proteins, and phospholipids.

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What is an example of an intracellular buffer system?

A buffer system found within cells that helps to maintain a stable pH, composed of hydrogen phosphate (HPO4-) and dihydrogen phosphate (H2PO4-) ions.

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What is the bicarbonate buffer system?

A primary buffer system in the blood, composed of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and carbonic acid (H2CO3). It's highly effective due to the kidneys' help in regulating bicarbonate levels.

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What is the normal blood bicarbonate concentration?

The normal concentration of bicarbonate ions in arterial blood, usually around 24 mmol/L.

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What is acidosis?

A condition where the blood pH drops below 7.4, indicating increased acidity in the body.

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What is the main regulator of pCO2 in the body?

The lungs, which are primarily responsible for regulating the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) in the blood, indirectly influencing pH.

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What happens in the body during alkalosis?

A condition in which the blood pH rises above 7.4, indicating a decrease in acidity and an increase in alkalinity.

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How is blood pH calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a mathematical formula that describes the relationship between pH, pK, and the concentrations of bicarbonate (HCO3-) and dissolved carbon dioxide (PCO2) in blood.

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What organ regulates bicarbonate concentration in the blood?

The kidneys, which are the primary organs responsible for regulating bicarbonate concentration in the blood, playing a crucial role in overall pH balance.

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What happens during metabolic acidosis?

A decrease in pH and bicarbonate concentration in the extracellular fluid (ECF). The body produces too much acid or loses too much bicarbonate.

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What is the range of pH for life to exist?

The range of pH within which life is generally thought to be possible, typically between 6.8 and 7.8.

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What organs participate in compensating for acidosis?

The kidneys can help to compensate for acidosis by eliminating H+ and reabsorbing bicarbonate, helping to restore pH balance.

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