Acid-Base Balance and Transport Processes

What is the term for an acid-base imbalance characterized by an increase in H+ concentration?

What is the process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?

What is the term for a solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum?

What is the pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it?

What is the term for the maintenance of a constant internal equilibrium in a biologic system?

What is the term for a fluid containing nonsoluble and evenly distributed particles throughout the solution?

What is the term for the osmotic pressure created by the protein in the bloodstream?

What is the term for a solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum?

Acid-Base Imbalance

Acidosis: an increase in H+ concentration, resulting in decreased blood pH
Metabolic acidosis: low arterial pH due to increased H+ concentration or reduced bicarbonate concentration
Respiratory acidosis: low arterial pH due to increased PCO2

Transport Mechanisms

Active transport: a physiologic pump that uses energy to move fluid or electrolytes from one region to another
Diffusion: the process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, without energy expenditure

Fluid Types

Colloid: a fluid containing nonsoluble particles evenly distributed throughout the solution
Colloid oncotic pressure: osmotic pressure created by proteins (mainly albumin) in the bloodstream
Crystalloid: a fluid containing soluble mineral ions and water in solution

Pressure and Equilibrium

Hydrostatic pressure: the pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it
Homeostasis: maintenance of a constant internal equilibrium in a biologic system

Solutions and Osmolality

Hypertonic solution: a solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum
Hypotonic solution: a solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum
Isotonic solution: a solution with the same osmolality as blood
Osmolality: the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of solvent, expressed as mOsm/kg
Osmolarity: the number of milliosmoles per liter of solution, expressed as mOsm/L, describing the concentration of solutes or dissolved particles

This quiz covers acid-base imbalances, such as acidosis and alkalosis, and transport processes, including active transport. Test your knowledge of these physiologic processes and their impact on the body.