Questions and Answers
What is the term for an acid-base imbalance characterized by an increase in H+ concentration?
What is the process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?
What is the term for a solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum?
What is the pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it?
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What is the term for the maintenance of a constant internal equilibrium in a biologic system?
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What is the term for a fluid containing nonsoluble and evenly distributed particles throughout the solution?
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What is the term for the osmotic pressure created by the protein in the bloodstream?
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What is the term for a solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum?
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Study Notes
Acid-Base Imbalance
- Acidosis: an increase in H+ concentration, resulting in decreased blood pH
- Metabolic acidosis: low arterial pH due to increased H+ concentration or reduced bicarbonate concentration
- Respiratory acidosis: low arterial pH due to increased PCO2
Transport Mechanisms
- Active transport: a physiologic pump that uses energy to move fluid or electrolytes from one region to another
- Diffusion: the process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration, without energy expenditure
Fluid Types
- Colloid: a fluid containing nonsoluble particles evenly distributed throughout the solution
- Colloid oncotic pressure: osmotic pressure created by proteins (mainly albumin) in the bloodstream
- Crystalloid: a fluid containing soluble mineral ions and water in solution
Pressure and Equilibrium
- Hydrostatic pressure: the pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it
- Homeostasis: maintenance of a constant internal equilibrium in a biologic system
Solutions and Osmolality
- Hypertonic solution: a solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum
- Hypotonic solution: a solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum
- Isotonic solution: a solution with the same osmolality as blood
- Osmolality: the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of solvent, expressed as mOsm/kg
- Osmolarity: the number of milliosmoles per liter of solution, expressed as mOsm/L, describing the concentration of solutes or dissolved particles
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Description
This quiz covers acid-base imbalances, such as acidosis and alkalosis, and transport processes, including active transport. Test your knowledge of these physiologic processes and their impact on the body.
