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Questions and Answers
What was the primary livelihood of the Abujhmadia tribe before government restrictions?
What was the primary livelihood of the Abujhmadia tribe before government restrictions?
Which of the following crops is NOT mentioned as being cultivated by the Abujhmadia tribe?
Which of the following crops is NOT mentioned as being cultivated by the Abujhmadia tribe?
What materials are predominantly used in constructing Abujhmadia houses?
What materials are predominantly used in constructing Abujhmadia houses?
What type of agriculture replaced the penda agriculture for the Abujhmadia tribe?
What type of agriculture replaced the penda agriculture for the Abujhmadia tribe?
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Which is the correct description of how Abujhmadia villagers select new agricultural sites?
Which is the correct description of how Abujhmadia villagers select new agricultural sites?
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Which of the following best describes the Abujhmadia people's past living conditions?
Which of the following best describes the Abujhmadia people's past living conditions?
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What uniquely defines the space known as 'Lonu' in Abujhmadia houses?
What uniquely defines the space known as 'Lonu' in Abujhmadia houses?
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Who are the direct descendants of the original couple associated with the Abujhmadia tribe?
Who are the direct descendants of the original couple associated with the Abujhmadia tribe?
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What type of labor do Abujhmadia people engage in for daily wages?
What type of labor do Abujhmadia people engage in for daily wages?
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Which statement best reflects the jewelry preferences of Abujhmadia women?
Which statement best reflects the jewelry preferences of Abujhmadia women?
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What is a staple food in the diet of the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
What is a staple food in the diet of the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
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Which item is NOT traditionally worn as jewelry by the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
Which item is NOT traditionally worn as jewelry by the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
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What is the primary method of delivery for pregnant women in the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
What is the primary method of delivery for pregnant women in the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
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What does the naming ceremony involve on the sixth day after a child's birth?
What does the naming ceremony involve on the sixth day after a child's birth?
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Which beverage is commonly used in rituals for the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
Which beverage is commonly used in rituals for the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
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At what age do young men typically marry in the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
At what age do young men typically marry in the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
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What is the primary role of the groom's family during the marriage proposal?
What is the primary role of the groom's family during the marriage proposal?
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Which animal is included in the carnivorous food items of the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
Which animal is included in the carnivorous food items of the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
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What is made for the newly delivered mother during her recovery?
What is made for the newly delivered mother during her recovery?
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How are children’s placentas handled in the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
How are children’s placentas handled in the Abujhhmadiya tribe?
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What does the wooden pillar (anal gadhaya) erected in the crematorium signify?
What does the wooden pillar (anal gadhaya) erected in the crematorium signify?
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Which of the following festivals is NOT celebrated by the Abujhmarias?
Which of the following festivals is NOT celebrated by the Abujhmarias?
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Which creature is NOT commonly worshipped among the Abujhmarias?
Which creature is NOT commonly worshipped among the Abujhmarias?
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What role does the Gayata play in the Abujhmadia tribe?
What role does the Gayata play in the Abujhmadia tribe?
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Which dialect is primarily spoken by the Abujhmadia tribes?
Which dialect is primarily spoken by the Abujhmadia tribes?
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What percentage of literacy was recorded among the Abujhmadia tribe in the year 2002?
What percentage of literacy was recorded among the Abujhmadia tribe in the year 2002?
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In what manner do Abujhmadia women view tattoos (Godana)?
In what manner do Abujhmadia women view tattoos (Godana)?
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Which type of dance is NOT mentioned as part of the Abujhmadia tribe's cultural practices?
Which type of dance is NOT mentioned as part of the Abujhmadia tribe's cultural practices?
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Who holds a supreme position in the tribal governance structure of the Abujhmadias?
Who holds a supreme position in the tribal governance structure of the Abujhmadias?
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Which of the following elements is a primary focus of the Abujhmadia tribe's folklore?
Which of the following elements is a primary focus of the Abujhmadia tribe's folklore?
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Study Notes
Demographics
- The Abujhmadia tribe resides in Narayanpur, Dantewada, and Abujhmad areas of Bijapur district.
- Orchha is the gateway to Abujhmad.
- The tribe's population in 2002 was 19,401.
- The current population is over 22,000.
The People and Culture
- There's no documented historical origin for the Abujhmadia tribe.
- Legends and folklore suggest their origins came from a Madiya Gond couple who ran away and settled in the inaccessible Abujhmad region.
- Their descendants, living in the same region, are called Abujhmadiya.
- The Madia Gond people residing in the Abujhmad region are also called Abujhmadiya.
Lifestyle
- Villages are situated in the foothills and valleys of hills.
- Historically, the Abujhmadia people were nomadic, relying on shifting cultivation (Penda agriculture).
- Currently, permanent villages are becoming more common due to government restrictions against shifting cultivation.
- Traditional economic activities include shifting agriculture (Penda), collecting wild produce, and gathering kandamul.
- Permanent agriculture, labor work, and daily wage labor are also now common.
- Sowing maize, Kosra, Moong, Urad, and seasonal vegetables around houses is typical.
- Obtaining grains in exchange for agricultural work is a primary income source.
- Other resources like honey, Tendupatta, Kosa, Lac, Gum, Dhawai flowers, Harra, and Bahera are collected and sold in markets.
Housing
- Houses are small huts made of wood and mud with grass thatching.
- Houses typically consist of two to three rooms.
- No skylights are present, instead have verandah (agha), (rasai) "angadi" gathering area, storage rooms (lonu), and enclosure.
- Lonu houses the kul devta (family deity).
Clothing
- Men typically wear langoti, lungi, or pancha with turbans.
- Women wear Lugra from waist to knees.
- Women decorate their hair with pins.
- Women wear silver or imitation silver jewelry (Toda on feet, foot Patti, kardhan on waist, bangles on wrists, sudel (Aenthi), sutas in the neck, rupaya mala, chain, moongamala, khinwa in-ears, jhumka, and bala; fuli on nose).
Diet
- Staple food is rice, madia, kodo, kutki, maize, bhaat, urad, moong, kulathi dal, and seasonal vegetables.
- They eat a variety of animals (padki, peacock, crow, parrot, bakula, rabbit, fox, porcupine, Rooster, and goat meat).
- Fish is caught during the rainy season.
- Mahua alcohol and salfi are common beverages.
Social Structure
- The Abujhmadia tribe has a patriarchal structure.
- Divided into dynasties, which are further divided into gotras (Akka, Mandavi, Dhurva, Usendi, Marka, Guntha, Atmi, Lakhmi, Badde, Thonda).
- The caste panchayat system plays a significant role.
- The supreme person is a Manjhi with subordinates like Patel, Para Mukhiya, and Gayta for maintaining peace and resolving conflicts.
- The chief deities include Budhadeva, Thakur Dev, Budhimai, Lingopen, house gods, and Kul Devta.
- They worship the Sun, Moon, rivers, mountains, Earth, snakes, and Hindu deities.
Marriage
- Young males marry around 18-19, females 16-17.
- Proposal comes from the groom's side.
- The bride's family decides the offerings (suk) for the marriage.
- People from the bride's family visit the groom's village.
Matrimony
- Elders perform the marriage ceremony at the groom's home.
- Practices like Bether, Odiyatta, and bangle dressing exist.
Funerary Practices
- The tribe buries the deceased.
- Cremation isn't restricted.
- For important individuals, a wooden pillar is erected at the cremation site, carved with various religious figures.
- Mourning period ends on the third day with a food-sharing ritual.
Festivals
- Pola, Kakasar, and Pandum are major festivals.
Language
- They speak the Abujhbadia Gondi dialect.
Additional info
- Literacy rate in 2002 was 19.25%.
- Women practice Godana (tattooing) as a permanent body decoration.
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Description
Explore the unique lifestyle and traditions of the Abujhmadia tribe, residing in the Bijapur district of India. Learn about their historical origins, current population, and shifts in their agricultural practices. This quiz delves into the rich culture and fascinating aspects of this indigenous community.
