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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the term 'deviant' in the context of abnormal behavior?
Which of the following best describes the term 'deviant' in the context of abnormal behavior?
What does the term 'cultural relativism' imply about the classification of abnormal behavior?
What does the term 'cultural relativism' imply about the classification of abnormal behavior?
In the context of the 4D's of abnormal behavior, which term represents behaviors that interfere with an individual's daily functioning?
In the context of the 4D's of abnormal behavior, which term represents behaviors that interfere with an individual's daily functioning?
Which ancient treatment involved cutting a circular section of the skull to release presumed evil spirits?
Which ancient treatment involved cutting a circular section of the skull to release presumed evil spirits?
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According to the Greek and Roman humoral theory, which humor is related to being moody and introverted?
According to the Greek and Roman humoral theory, which humor is related to being moody and introverted?
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What was the primary goal of procedures designed by therapists in the treatment of abnormal behaviors?
What was the primary goal of procedures designed by therapists in the treatment of abnormal behaviors?
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Which of the following ancient treatments involved the application of ice-cold water?
Which of the following ancient treatments involved the application of ice-cold water?
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What behavior was associated with witch dunking, indicating an individual's guilt or innocence?
What behavior was associated with witch dunking, indicating an individual's guilt or innocence?
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Which individual is recognized as the Father of Modern Psychiatry?
Which individual is recognized as the Father of Modern Psychiatry?
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What was the primary focus of the moral treatment approach in the 19th century?
What was the primary focus of the moral treatment approach in the 19th century?
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Which condition describes the possession of wolves leading to wolf-like behavior?
Which condition describes the possession of wolves leading to wolf-like behavior?
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What initiative was led by Dorothea Dix during the 19th century?
What initiative was led by Dorothea Dix during the 19th century?
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Which of the following practices did Benjamin Rush recommend for treating patients?
Which of the following practices did Benjamin Rush recommend for treating patients?
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Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with depression when its levels are low?
Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with depression when its levels are low?
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What treatment approach was primarily characterized by the use of prayers, whippings, and torture to address behavior caused by evil entities?
What treatment approach was primarily characterized by the use of prayers, whippings, and torture to address behavior caused by evil entities?
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Which brain structure is primarily responsible for creating and processing memories?
Which brain structure is primarily responsible for creating and processing memories?
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Which drug category is used to correct confusion, hallucinations, and delusions?
Which drug category is used to correct confusion, hallucinations, and delusions?
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What condition is most likely to arise as a result of a viral infection during gestation, leading to specific neurological disorders?
What condition is most likely to arise as a result of a viral infection during gestation, leading to specific neurological disorders?
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Which of the following treatments involves attaching two electrodes to a patient’s forehead?
Which of the following treatments involves attaching two electrodes to a patient’s forehead?
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Which lobe of the brain is primarily involved in vision?
Which lobe of the brain is primarily involved in vision?
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What is the likely result of using antianxiety drugs?
What is the likely result of using antianxiety drugs?
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What condition describes the inability to recognize familiar faces?
What condition describes the inability to recognize familiar faces?
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Coup injuries occur in which part of the brain?
Coup injuries occur in which part of the brain?
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Which therapy technique focuses on self-recognition and self-acceptance?
Which therapy technique focuses on self-recognition and self-acceptance?
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What is Unconditional Positive Regard primarily associated with?
What is Unconditional Positive Regard primarily associated with?
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Which perspective emphasizes the importance of cultural and gender factors in therapy?
Which perspective emphasizes the importance of cultural and gender factors in therapy?
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What does the Empty Chair Technique aim to facilitate?
What does the Empty Chair Technique aim to facilitate?
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Which of the following describes the family structure characterized by overinvolvement?
Which of the following describes the family structure characterized by overinvolvement?
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What cultural concept of distress refers to panic attacks among Cambodians?
What cultural concept of distress refers to panic attacks among Cambodians?
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Which term describes the emotional upset often associated with the Latino cultural context?
Which term describes the emotional upset often associated with the Latino cultural context?
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Which of the following indicates a psychological impact of lacking social support during childhood?
Which of the following indicates a psychological impact of lacking social support during childhood?
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What is the primary goal of catharsis in therapy?
What is the primary goal of catharsis in therapy?
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Which of the following is NOT a phase of classical conditioning?
Which of the following is NOT a phase of classical conditioning?
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In the context of operant conditioning, what is an example of negative reinforcement?
In the context of operant conditioning, what is an example of negative reinforcement?
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Which cognitive distortion involves viewing situations in black and white without middle ground?
Which cognitive distortion involves viewing situations in black and white without middle ground?
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What does systematic desensitization primarily involve?
What does systematic desensitization primarily involve?
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What aspect of the humanistic perspective includes the need for genuineness?
What aspect of the humanistic perspective includes the need for genuineness?
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Which of the following best describes the behavioral perspective in psychology?
Which of the following best describes the behavioral perspective in psychology?
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In exposure therapy, which method involves confronting fears in a controlled environment?
In exposure therapy, which method involves confronting fears in a controlled environment?
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Study Notes
Abnormal Psychology Overview
- Focuses on understanding, predicting, explaining, and altering abnormal behaviors.
4D's of Abnormal Behavior
- Deviant: Behavior that is noticeably different from societal norms, can be extreme or bizarre.
- Distressing: Actions, thoughts, or emotions causing suffering to the individual experiencing them.
- Dysfunctional: Interference with daily life and functioning.
- Dangerous: Potential harm to oneself or others.
Cultural Relativism
- No universal standards for defining abnormal behavior; perceptions vary across cultures.
Treatment and Therapy
- Therapists design procedures to convert abnormal behaviors into normative ones.
Ancient Views and Treatments
- Trephination: Drilling holes in the skull to release evil spirits.
- Exorcism and Hydrotherapy: Rituals and practices to shock or cure patients.
Greek and Roman Influence
- Theory of Humors: Four bodily fluids affecting mental health.
- Blood (Sanguine): Associated with liveliness but can lead to forgetfulness.
- Black Bile (Melancholic): Linked to depression and introversion.
- Phlegm (Phlegmatic): Indicates apathy and calmness.
- Yellow Bile (Choleric): Describes task orientation but also aggression.
Historical Treatment Approaches
- Asylums: Institutions for the mentally ill, often employing inhumane methods.
- Moral Treatment: Emphasized humane treatment; advocated by figures like Philippe Pinel and William Tuke.
- Mental Hygiene Movement: Led by Dorothea Dix; aimed at reforming insane asylums.
Modern Treatments for Severe Disturbances
- Use of Antipsychotic, Antidepressant, and Antianxiety drugs to manage mental health conditions.
- Deinstitutionalization: Encouragement for patients showing improvement to be discharged from hospitals.
Models of Abnormality
- Demonological Model: Attributes behavior to evil forces; involves spiritual treatments.
-
Biological Model: Focuses on genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances, and brain structure issues.
- Implicated chemicals include serotonin, dopamine, and GABA.
- Viral infections and brain injuries can also lead to abnormalities.
Psychotropic Medication Overview
- Antianxiety Drugs: Reduce anxiety symptoms.
- Antidepressant Drugs: Improve mood.
- Antipsychotic Drugs: Treat confusion and delusions.
Therapeutic Techniques
- Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Involves electric shocks to alleviate severe depression.
- Catharsis: Reliving repressed feelings to alleviate internal conflicts.
Behavioral Perspectives
- Focuses on reinforcement and punishment to modify behavior.
- Classical and Operant Conditioning: Mechanisms to learn through associations or reinforcement.
Cognitive Perspective
- Faulty thought processes lead to abnormal behavior.
- Concepts include catastrophic thinking, overgeneralization, and all-or-nothing thinking.
Humanistic Perspective
- Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.
- Notable theorist Carl Rogers noted the need for genuine, empathetic, and accepting therapeutic environments.
Existential Perspective
- Advocates for self-awareness and authenticity as pathways to psychological wellness.
Socio-Cultural Perspective
- Examines the impact of family structures, social interactions, and societal roles on mental health.
Cultural Concepts of Distress
- Ataque de Nervios: Emotional upset prevalent among Latino communities.
- Dhat Syndrome: Anxiety related to semen loss in South Asian males.
- Taijin Kyufusho: Intense fear of appearance common in some Japanese populations.
Family and Group Therapies
- Methods include family therapy, couple therapy, and support groups to address interpersonal dynamics affecting mental health.
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Description
This quiz explores the 4 D's of abnormal behavior: Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger. Delve into how each of these aspects contributes to the understanding of abnormal psychology and the significance of cultural relevance in assessing behavior. Challenge your knowledge and grasp the complexities of mental health issues.
