Abnormal Psychology Overview
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Abnormal Psychology Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'deviant' in the context of abnormal behavior?

  • Behaviors that differ significantly from societal norms (correct)
  • Normal behaviors that exceed common limits
  • Behaviors that inflict pain on others
  • Behaviors that cause emotional satisfaction

    • What does the term 'cultural relativism' imply about the classification of abnormal behavior?

  • Abnormal behavior is judged by universal standards
  • Abnormal behaviors can only be understood through a Western lens
  • All cultures share the same definitions of abnormality
  • Different cultures have unique norms for determining abnormality (correct)

    • In the context of the 4D's of abnormal behavior, which term represents behaviors that interfere with an individual's daily functioning?

  • Deviant
  • Distressing
  • Dysfunctional (correct)
  • Dangerous

    • Which ancient treatment involved cutting a circular section of the skull to release presumed evil spirits?

    <p>Trepanning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Greek and Roman humoral theory, which humor is related to being moody and introverted?

    <p>Black Bile</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary goal of procedures designed by therapists in the treatment of abnormal behaviors?

    <p>To alter abnormal behaviors into normal ones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following ancient treatments involved the application of ice-cold water?

    <p>Hydrotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior was associated with witch dunking, indicating an individual's guilt or innocence?

    <p>Floating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which individual is recognized as the Father of Modern Psychiatry?

    <p>Philippe Pinel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the moral treatment approach in the 19th century?

    <p>Emphasizing moral guidance and humane treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition describes the possession of wolves leading to wolf-like behavior?

    <p>Lycanthropy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiative was led by Dorothea Dix during the 19th century?

    <p>Mental hygiene movement advocating for patient care reform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following practices did Benjamin Rush recommend for treating patients?

    <p>Hiring intelligent and sensitive attendants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with depression when its levels are low?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment approach was primarily characterized by the use of prayers, whippings, and torture to address behavior caused by evil entities?

    <p>Demonological Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which brain structure is primarily responsible for creating and processing memories?

    <p>Hippocampus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug category is used to correct confusion, hallucinations, and delusions?

    <p>Antipsychotic Drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is most likely to arise as a result of a viral infection during gestation, leading to specific neurological disorders?

    <p>Schizophrenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments involves attaching two electrodes to a patient’s forehead?

    <p>Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lobe of the brain is primarily involved in vision?

    <p>Occipital Lobe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the likely result of using antianxiety drugs?

    <p>Reduction in anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition describes the inability to recognize familiar faces?

    <p>Prosopagnosia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coup injuries occur in which part of the brain?

    <p>Directly at the site of impact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapy technique focuses on self-recognition and self-acceptance?

    <p>Gestalt Therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Unconditional Positive Regard primarily associated with?

    <p>Valued and treated affectionately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which perspective emphasizes the importance of cultural and gender factors in therapy?

    <p>Multicultural Perspective</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Empty Chair Technique aim to facilitate?

    <p>Self-discovery and emotional expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the family structure characterized by overinvolvement?

    <p>Enmeshed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cultural concept of distress refers to panic attacks among Cambodians?

    <p>Khyal Cap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the emotional upset often associated with the Latino cultural context?

    <p>Ataque de Nervios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicates a psychological impact of lacking social support during childhood?

    <p>Increased likelihood of depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of catharsis in therapy?

    <p>To facilitate the reliving of repressed emotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a phase of classical conditioning?

    <p>Initial Learning Phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of operant conditioning, what is an example of negative reinforcement?

    <p>Feeling relieved after taking pain medication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive distortion involves viewing situations in black and white without middle ground?

    <p>All-or-nothing Thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does systematic desensitization primarily involve?

    <p>Gradual exposure to an anxiety-inducing stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of the humanistic perspective includes the need for genuineness?

    <p>Self-actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the behavioral perspective in psychology?

    <p>Behavior can be shaped by rewards and punishments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In exposure therapy, which method involves confronting fears in a controlled environment?

    <p>Flooding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Abnormal Psychology Overview

    • Focuses on understanding, predicting, explaining, and altering abnormal behaviors.

    4D's of Abnormal Behavior

    • Deviant: Behavior that is noticeably different from societal norms, can be extreme or bizarre.
    • Distressing: Actions, thoughts, or emotions causing suffering to the individual experiencing them.
    • Dysfunctional: Interference with daily life and functioning.
    • Dangerous: Potential harm to oneself or others.

    Cultural Relativism

    • No universal standards for defining abnormal behavior; perceptions vary across cultures.

    Treatment and Therapy

    • Therapists design procedures to convert abnormal behaviors into normative ones.

    Ancient Views and Treatments

    • Trephination: Drilling holes in the skull to release evil spirits.
    • Exorcism and Hydrotherapy: Rituals and practices to shock or cure patients.

    Greek and Roman Influence

    • Theory of Humors: Four bodily fluids affecting mental health.
      • Blood (Sanguine): Associated with liveliness but can lead to forgetfulness.
      • Black Bile (Melancholic): Linked to depression and introversion.
      • Phlegm (Phlegmatic): Indicates apathy and calmness.
      • Yellow Bile (Choleric): Describes task orientation but also aggression.

    Historical Treatment Approaches

    • Asylums: Institutions for the mentally ill, often employing inhumane methods.
    • Moral Treatment: Emphasized humane treatment; advocated by figures like Philippe Pinel and William Tuke.
    • Mental Hygiene Movement: Led by Dorothea Dix; aimed at reforming insane asylums.

    Modern Treatments for Severe Disturbances

    • Use of Antipsychotic, Antidepressant, and Antianxiety drugs to manage mental health conditions.
    • Deinstitutionalization: Encouragement for patients showing improvement to be discharged from hospitals.

    Models of Abnormality

    • Demonological Model: Attributes behavior to evil forces; involves spiritual treatments.
    • Biological Model: Focuses on genetics, neurotransmitter imbalances, and brain structure issues.
      • Implicated chemicals include serotonin, dopamine, and GABA.
      • Viral infections and brain injuries can also lead to abnormalities.

    Psychotropic Medication Overview

    • Antianxiety Drugs: Reduce anxiety symptoms.
    • Antidepressant Drugs: Improve mood.
    • Antipsychotic Drugs: Treat confusion and delusions.

    Therapeutic Techniques

    • Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT): Involves electric shocks to alleviate severe depression.
    • Catharsis: Reliving repressed feelings to alleviate internal conflicts.

    Behavioral Perspectives

    • Focuses on reinforcement and punishment to modify behavior.
    • Classical and Operant Conditioning: Mechanisms to learn through associations or reinforcement.

    Cognitive Perspective

    • Faulty thought processes lead to abnormal behavior.
    • Concepts include catastrophic thinking, overgeneralization, and all-or-nothing thinking.

    Humanistic Perspective

    • Emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization.
    • Notable theorist Carl Rogers noted the need for genuine, empathetic, and accepting therapeutic environments.

    Existential Perspective

    • Advocates for self-awareness and authenticity as pathways to psychological wellness.

    Socio-Cultural Perspective

    • Examines the impact of family structures, social interactions, and societal roles on mental health.

    Cultural Concepts of Distress

    • Ataque de Nervios: Emotional upset prevalent among Latino communities.
    • Dhat Syndrome: Anxiety related to semen loss in South Asian males.
    • Taijin Kyufusho: Intense fear of appearance common in some Japanese populations.

    Family and Group Therapies

    • Methods include family therapy, couple therapy, and support groups to address interpersonal dynamics affecting mental health.

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    Related Documents

    ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEWER.docx

    Description

    This quiz explores the 4 D's of abnormal behavior: Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger. Delve into how each of these aspects contributes to the understanding of abnormal psychology and the significance of cultural relevance in assessing behavior. Challenge your knowledge and grasp the complexities of mental health issues.

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