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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the field of Abnormal Psychology?
Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as a result of psychological factors?
Which type of mental disorder is characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of situations?
What is the primary purpose of a clinical interview in Abnormal Psychology?
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What is the name of the standardized guide for diagnosing mental disorders?
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Which type of treatment approach focuses on personal growth, self-actualization, and empowerment?
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What is the term for the collaborative relationship between therapist and client?
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Which of the following is an example of a Psychotic Disorder?
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What is the primary goal of a psychological test in Abnormal Psychology?
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Which of the following is an example of an Anxiety Disorder?
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Study Notes
Abnormal Psychology
Definition
- Study of unusual patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that deviate from societal norms
- Focus on understanding, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders
Models of Abnormality
- Medical Model: views abnormal behavior as a result of a physical or biological disorder
- Psychological Model: views abnormal behavior as a result of psychological factors such as learning, environment, and personality
- Sociocultural Model: views abnormal behavior as a result of cultural and societal factors
Types of Mental Disorders
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Anxiety Disorders: excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of situations
- Examples: phobias, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Mood Disorders: extreme or persistent feelings of sadness or elation
- Examples: depression, bipolar disorder
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Personality Disorders: inflexible and maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior
- Examples: borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder
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Psychotic Disorders: detachment from reality, hallucinations, and delusions
- Examples: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder
Assessment and Diagnosis
- Clinical Interviews: face-to-face interviews with a mental health professional
- Psychological Tests: standardized measures of behavior, cognition, and emotion
- Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5): standardized guide for diagnosing mental disorders
Treatment Approaches
- Biological Treatments: medication, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
- Psychological Treatments: psychotherapy, counseling, behavioral therapy
- Humanistic Treatments: focus on personal growth, self-actualization, and empowerment
Therapeutic Relationships
- Therapeutic Alliance: collaborative relationship between therapist and client
- Empathy: understanding and sharing of client's feelings
- Genuineness: authenticity and transparency in the therapeutic relationship
Abnormal Psychology
Definition and Scope
- Abnormal psychology is the study of unusual patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that deviate from societal norms
- Focuses on understanding, diagnosing, and treating mental disorders
Models of Abnormality
Medical Model
- Views abnormal behavior as a result of physical or biological disorder
- Emphasizes the role of genetics, neurobiology, and neurotransmitters
Psychological Model
- Views abnormal behavior as a result of psychological factors such as learning, environment, and personality
- Emphasizes the role of cognitive processes, behavioral conditioning, and social learning
Sociocultural Model
- Views abnormal behavior as a result of cultural and societal factors
- Emphasizes the role of social norms, cultural values, and environmental factors
Types of Mental Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
- Characterized by excessive fear, anxiety, or avoidance of situations
- Examples: phobias, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder
Mood Disorders
- Characterized by extreme or persistent feelings of sadness or elation
- Examples: depression, bipolar disorder
Personality Disorders
- Characterized by inflexible and maladaptive patterns of thinking and behavior
- Examples: borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder
Psychotic Disorders
- Characterized by detachment from reality, hallucinations, and delusions
- Examples: schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder
Assessment and Diagnosis
- Clinical interviews are face-to-face interviews with a mental health professional
- Psychological tests are standardized measures of behavior, cognition, and emotion
- The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) is a standardized guide for diagnosing mental disorders
Treatment Approaches
Biological Treatments
- Medication: used to treat symptoms of mental disorders
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): used to treat severe depression and other mental disorders
Psychological Treatments
- Psychotherapy: talk therapy to address mental health issues
- Counseling: guidance and support to address mental health issues
- Behavioral therapy: focuses on changing maladaptive behaviors
Humanistic Treatments
- Focuses on personal growth, self-actualization, and empowerment
- Emphasizes the client's inherent worth and dignity
Therapeutic Relationships
- Therapeutic alliance: a collaborative relationship between therapist and client
- Empathy: understanding and sharing of client's feelings
- Genuineness: authenticity and transparency in the therapeutic relationship
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Description
Understand patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior that deviate from societal norms, including medical, psychological, and sociocultural models of abnormality.
