Abnormal Psychology Overview

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used clinical interview type?

  • Semi-structured
  • Collaborative (correct)
  • Structured
  • Unstructured

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the MMPI-2?

  • It has 10 clinical scales.
  • It includes a section on cognitive functioning. (correct)
  • It contains 550 items.
  • It uses empirical keying.

Which of the following assessment methods would be most appropriate for observing a client's behavior in a real-world setting?

  • Symptom Questionnaire
  • Role-Playing
  • Direct Observation (correct)
  • Mental Status Exam

What is a primary concern associated with intelligence tests?

<p>The tests are culturally biased. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A psychologist wants to assess a client's current mood and affect. Which assessment method would be most helpful?

<p>Mental Status Exam (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason why a behavior might be considered abnormal?

<p>A complete lack of understanding of the behavior by the individual (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a common treatment approach for mental illness in the time of Hippocrates?

<p>Bloodletting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The view that mental disorders are simply collections of problems and not actual diseases is known as what?

<p>The modern view (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In ancient Chinese practices, what concept was believed to influence emotional well-being?

<p>The balance of yin and yang (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a psychic epidemic?

<p>The Dancing Mania (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What historical practice involved drilling holes into the skull?

<p>Trephination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a criticism of relying purely on cultural norms to define abnormality?

<p>Cultural norms are always objective and unbiased (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The belief that abnormal behavior was caused by a wandering uterus was a dominant theory in which historical period?

<p>Ancient Egypt, Greece, and Rome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a null hypothesis in scientific research?

<p>To predict that there is no relationship between variables. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of using a case study in psychological research?

<p>It allows for the study of rare disorders or phenomena. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a correlational study?

<p>Manipulating variables to observe their effects. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a correlation coefficient of -0.8 indicate?

<p>A strong negative correlation between two variables. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'p' value in statistical analysis?

<p>It indicates the probability of obtaining the results if there is no real effect. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "Moral Treatment" movement, marked by a focus on humane treatment, failed due to several factors. Which of the following was NOT a primary reason for its decline?

<p>A shift in focus towards biological explanations for mental disorders. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following figures played a crucial role in establishing the "Retreat," a Quaker asylum in England that emphasized humane treatment and freedom for patients?

<p>William Tuke (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is credited with significantly advancing the understanding of psychological disorders by proposing that all mental illnesses could be explained by brain pathology?

<p>Wilhelm Griesinger (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is particularly associated with depression, anxiety, and aggression?

<p>Serotonin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The discovery of a disease characterized by paralysis, insanity, and death, with a causative agent being syphilis, was crucial for advancing which perspective on psychological disorders?

<p>Biological (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key figure associated with the development of psychoanalysis?

<p>Ivan Pavlov (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is known for developing a classification system for psychological disorders, emphasizing the role of brain pathology?

<p>Emil Kraepelin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following therapies focuses on changing a person's thoughts and beliefs to address their emotional distress?

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements BEST describes the concept of "diathesis-stress model" in understanding mental disorders?

<p>Mental disorders result from the interaction of a vulnerability and a triggering event. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain structures is primarily involved in processing emotions, particularly fear?

<p>Amygdala (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neurotransmitters is primarily associated with the experience of pleasure and reward, and can be affected by substances like alcohol and behaviors like sex?

<p>Dopamine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain stimulation techniques involves the delivery of repeated, high-intensity magnetic pulses to specific brain structures?

<p>Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key principle or goal of the patients' rights movement in relation to mental health care?

<p>Advocating for increased use of biological therapies for mental health treatment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The "Community Mental Health Movement" primarily aimed to:

<p>Shift patients from long-term institutions to community-based care (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the "biopsychosocial approach" to understanding mental disorders?

<p>Understanding mental disorders as the result of the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes a "transdiagnostic risk factor"?

<p>A factor that increases the risk of developing multiple types of mental disorders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following brain imaging techniques utilizes a magnetic field to create a 3-D image of the brain?

<p>MRI (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference between early editions of the DSM and DSM-5?

<p>The focus on specific and concrete criteria for disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following neuropsychological tests is designed to assess a variety of cognitive functions, including attention, memory, and executive functioning?

<p>Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the electroencephalogram (EEG)?

<p>To measure electrical activity in the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a criticism of projective tests?

<p>They rely heavily on subjective interpretation, which may lead to inconsistencies in scoring. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which therapy focuses on accepting and regulating emotional distress without avoiding it?

<p>Acceptance and commitment therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sociocultural risk factor for psychological problems?

<p>Social support networks (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a cluster of symptoms that often occur together?

<p>Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of validity assesses how well a test measures what it is intended to measure?

<p>Content validity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reliability refers to the consistency of test results over time?

<p>Test-retest reliability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of standardizing a psychological test?

<p>To make the test administration and interpretation consistent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good psychological assessment?

<p>Focused solely on subjective reports (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the concept of 'upheaval/disintegration of societies' contribute to psychological problems?

<p>It weakens social norms and limits opportunities for individuals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dysfunction

Impairment in interpersonal, occupational, or self-care activities.

Distress

Emotional or physical pain caused by psychological issues.

Deviant behavior

Behavior that differs from social norms or typical behavior.

Dangerousness

Involves harmful behaviors or feelings, sometimes associated with disorders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cultural relativism

Concept that abnormality is defined by cultural norms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Exorcism

Ancient practice to drive evil spirits out of a body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trephination

Ancient practice of drilling holes in the skull for treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hippocrates' Humors

Theory that abnormal behavior is linked to imbalances in bodily fluids.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Moral Treatment Movement

An approach advocating humane treatment for individuals with mental illness.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Key Figures in Moral Treatment

Philippe Pinel, William Tuke, and Dorothea Dix promoted humane mental health care.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Biological Approach

Focuses on genetic and neurobiological causes of mental disorders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychological Approach

Explores the influence of thoughts, emotions, and personality on mental disorders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sociocultural Approach

Examines how environment and culture impact mental health.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Diathesis-Stress Model

Suggests mental disorders result from a combination of predisposition and stress.

Signup and view all the flashcards

General Paresis

A disease caused by syphilis leading to insanity and paralysis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neurotransmitters

Chemicals that transmit signals between neurons in the brain.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reuptake

Process where neurotransmitters are absorbed back into the sending neuron.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Endocrine System

System of glands that secrete hormones regulating bodily functions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Antipsychotic Drugs

Medications used to reduce symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

A treatment where electrical currents induce brief seizures in anesthetized patients.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Deep Brain Stimulation

A procedure involving surgically implanted electrodes in the brain to treat neurological disorders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cognitive Therapy

A treatment focused on changing negative thought patterns to improve mood and behavior.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Patients’ Rights Movement

Advocates for the rights and humane treatment of individuals with mental health disorders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Clinical Interview

In-depth interaction focusing on client’s presenting issues, behavior, and context.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mental Status Exam

Assessment of a client's current mental state through specific questions.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Symptom Questionnaires

Self-report tools to identify presence of psychological symptoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Personality Inventory

Assessments where individuals match descriptions to themselves, like MMPI-2.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Self-Monitoring

Clients track and rate their own behaviors in daily life situations.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dialectical Behavior Therapy

A therapy that helps manage negative emotions and control impulsive behaviors.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

A therapy that encourages facing distressing situations rather than avoiding them.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sociocultural Risk Factors

Societal influences contributing to psychological problems, like socioeconomic status.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Psychological Assessment

Evaluating psychological, social, and emotional functioning of an individual.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Validity

The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Reliability

The degree of consistency in a test's results over time.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Standardization

Administering, scoring, and interpreting tests in a consistent manner.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Presenting Problem

The major symptoms or behaviors that a client is experiencing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Neuropsychological assessment

Evaluates neurological impairments through specific tests.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Bender Gestalt Test

A test assessing visual-motor functioning and perceptual abilities.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Functional MRI (fMRI)

Measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood oxygen levels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Records electrical activity of the brain using sensors on the scalp.

Signup and view all the flashcards

DSM-5

The latest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypothesis

A statement predicting the outcome of a study.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Null Hypothesis

Predicts that there is no relationship between variables in a study.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Variable

A factor that can change in a study.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dependent Variable

The outcome factor that is measured in an experiment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Correlation Coefficient

A statistic that represents the relationship between two variables.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Abnormal Psychology

  • Abnormal psychology studies atypical or unexpected behaviors.
  • No clear line exists between normal and abnormal; behaviors exist on a continuum.
  • Context, culture, and other factors influence what is considered normal.

Defining Psychopathology

  • Psychopathology is the field that studies psychological disorders.
  • It aims to understand, treat, and prevent these disorders.
  • The four Ds define abnormality: dysfunction, distress, deviant behavior, and dangerousness.

The Disease Model

  • The common belief is that mental illness is a disease process.
  • Current understanding sees it as a collection of problems with behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.
  • Abnormal behaviors can be due to a variety of cultural and environmental factors.

Cultural Relativism

  • No single standard exists for defining abnormal behavior.
  • Cultures differ in their views of acceptable conduct.

Prehistoric Times

  • Treatments included exorcism and trephination.

Ancient Theories

  • Ancient Chinese theories focused on balancing yin and yang.
  • Ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans viewed mental illness through biological theories, sometimes attributing abnormal behavior to a wandering uterus.

Medieval Views

  • Medieval views on abnormal behavior were rooted in the belief that imbalances in the body's humors caused illness.

Psychiatric Epidemics

  • Psychosocial epidemics are examples of contagious behavior patterns.

Emergence of Asylums

  • Institutions emerged to house those considered mentally ill.
  • In time, laws and regulations governing these facilities improved to address ethical concerns and reduce the mistreatment of patients.

Moral Treatment Movement

  • This movement advocated for humane treatment of individuals with psychological disorders.
  • Emphasis on the environment and improving living conditions in institutions.

Key Figures

  • Key individuals in the development of psychological treatment, such as Philippe Pinel, William Tuke, Dorothea Dix, significantly impacted the approaches.

Early Biological Perspectives

  • Emil Kraepelin emphasized brain pathology in understanding disorders.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Understanding Abnormal Behavior
5 questions
Abnormal Psychology Introduction
41 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser