Abnormal Psychology Introduction

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mental disorder according to the DSM-5 definition?

  • An expectable, culturally approved response to an event, or socially deviant behavior (correct)
  • Usually associated with significant distress and disability in social, occupational, or other important activities
  • Reflects a dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes
  • Clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior

Which of the following is NOT a category of mental disorders listed in the provided content?

  • Personality Disorders
  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Neurological Disorders (correct)
  • Sleep Disorders

What is the significance of the DSM-5 in the context of mental health?

  • It provides a standardized system for classifying mental disorders, helping to understand the causes and treatments (correct)
  • It is a manual solely for diagnosing mental disorders, not for understanding their causes or treatments
  • It is a compilation of all known mental disorders, with no emphasis on classification or diagnosis
  • It is a subjective tool used for diagnosing mental disorders, not based on scientific evidence

Which of the following is an example of a mental disorder that can be found on Axis II of the DSM-5?

<p>Borderline Personality Disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the information provided, what is the primary difference between a medical condition and a mental disorder?

<p>Mental disorders are characterized by dysfunction in psychological, biological, or developmental processes, while medical conditions are not (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of Axis V in the DSM-5?

<p>To assess the patient's overall level of functioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the habitual use of a particular defense mechanism?

<p>It can indicate the presence of a personality disorder, as classified on Axis II (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a category of mental disorders that may not necessarily be accompanied by significant distress and disability?

<p>Adjustment Disorders (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mood state is characterized by intense elation and feelings of grandeur?

<p>Euphoria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a state of being easily annoyed or provoked to anger?

<p>Irritable (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a disturbance of consciousness?

<p>Alexithymia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "labile mood" refer to?

<p>A mood that fluctuates rapidly (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these mood states is considered "normal range"?

<p>Euthymic (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to experience pleasure or interest in activities?

<p>Anhedonia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is a characteristic of mania?

<p>Hyperactivity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a severe depressive state?

<p>Melancholia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes a total inability to recall past experiences?

<p>Amnesia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following disturbances is characterized by incoherent speech that delays getting to the main point?

<p>Circumstantiality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is 'dementia' defined as within the context of disturbances in intellectual functioning?

<p>A condition characterized by organic and global deterioration of intellectual functioning (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of memory disturbance is indicated by the feeling of familiarity with an event that has not occurred?

<p>Déjà vu (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'repression' function as in the context of memory disturbances?

<p>An unconscious defense mechanism characterized by forgetting (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a bizarre delusion?

<p>A false belief that is absurd and implausible. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of delusion involves a belief that one's thoughts are controlled by external forces?

<p>Delusion of control (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of delusion is characterized by an exaggerated concern about one's health?

<p>Hypochondria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of delusion specifically refers to a belief that someone is in love with the person holding the delusion?

<p>Erotomania (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes systematized delusions from other types of delusions?

<p>They are logically connected to a single theme or event. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of hypnosis as mentioned in the content?

<p>Induces a modification of consciousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option best defines the term 'affect' in the context provided?

<p>Observed expression of emotion inconsistent with self-report (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'folie a deux' refer to?

<p>Emotional illness communicated between two or more individuals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes 'signs' from 'symptoms' in clinical observations?

<p>Signs are objective findings; symptoms are patient-reported experiences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the emotional state mentioned in the content?

<p>An intense state with combined psychic, somatic, and behavioral components (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT an example of a problem related to the social environment in Axis IV?

<p>Access to better healthcare services (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Axis II of the DSM-5 refer to?

<p>Personality Disorders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of someone with a GAF score of 71-80?

<p>Socially inappropriate behavior (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Axis is used to code psychosocial and environmental problems that contribute to the development or worsening of a mental disorder?

<p>Axis IV (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following BEST describes the relationship between Axis III and Axis I?

<p>Axis III diagnoses can be either a cause or a result of Axis I diagnoses. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does "functioning" refer to when discussing Axis II diagnoses?

<p>A person's ability to function in social, occupational, and psychological areas. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of a GAF score of 41-50?

<p>Significant impairment in several areas of life. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a personality disorder listed under Axis II?

<p>Generalized Anxiety Disorder (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following GAF score ranges indicates the highest level of functioning?

<p>91-100 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A person experiencing frequent shoplifting and difficulties maintaining relationships would be MOST likely to have which GAF score range?

<p>41-50 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Mental Disorder

A syndrome with clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion, or behavior.

Disturbance Criteria

Clinically significant disturbance causing distress and impairment in activities.

Dysfunction Types

Includes psychological, biological, or developmental dysfunction.

Axis II Disorders

Consists of personality disorders and mental retardation.

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Axis V Assessment

Global assessment of functioning on a 100-point scale.

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Adjustment Disorders

Disorders related to difficulty adjusting to stressors.

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Impulse-Control Disorders

Inability to resist urges leading to harmful consequences.

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Exclusions for Mental Disorders

Not culturally approved responses nor socially deviant behaviors.

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Axis II

Refers to personality disorders and mental retardation in DSM.

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Paranoid Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by distrust and suspicion towards others.

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Schizoid Personality Disorder

A disorder where individuals exhibit a lack of interest in social relationships.

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Antisocial Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by a disregard for others' rights and a tendency for deceitfulness.

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Borderline Personality Disorder

Characterized by unstable moods, behavior, and relationships.

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GAF Scale

Global Assessment of Functioning; measures psychological, social, and occupational functioning.

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Axis III

Lists physical disorders or medical conditions present along with mental disorders.

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Axis IV

Codes psychosocial and environmental problems affecting the disorder.

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Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A disorder characterized by grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

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Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Characterized by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.

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Amnesia

Partial or total inability to recall past experiences.

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Paramnesia

Falsification of memory including déjà vu and false memories.

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Repression

Defense mechanism of unconscious forgetting due to distressing memories.

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Echolalia

Pathological repetition of words or phrases by an individual.

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Clang association

Use of words that sound similar but lack logical connection.

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Delusion

A false belief based on incorrect inferences about reality, inconsistent with intelligence or cultural background.

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Bizarre Delusion

An absurd and totally implausible false belief, such as believing aliens are invading.

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Somatic Delusion

False beliefs about one's bodily functions or sensations.

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Paranoid Delusion

A belief that one is being persecuted or threatened.

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Erotomania

The false belief that someone is in love with the individual.

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Dysphoric mood

A mood characterized by feelings of unease or dissatisfaction.

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Euthymic mood

A normal mood state, neither elevated nor depressed.

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Anhedonia

Loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.

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Euphoria

An intense feeling of happiness or elation.

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Melancholia

A severe depressive state marked by deep sadness.

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Delirium

A state of confusion characterized by restless and bewildered behavior.

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Stupor

A state of near-unconsciousness or insensibility.

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Suicidal ideation

Thoughts of self-harm or suicide.

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Impairment in Speech

Difficulty or inability to communicate verbally.

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Procedural Axis IV

Psychosocial and environmental problems affecting mental health.

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Folie à Deux

Shared psychosis between two or three individuals.

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Hypnosis

Induced state of consciousness with heightened suggestibility.

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Signs in Psychiatry

Observable and objective indicators of mental health issues.

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Symptoms in Psychiatry

Subjective experiences reported by the patient.

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Affect

External expression of emotions observed by others.

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Emotion

Complex feeling state encompassing psychic, somatic, and behavioral components.

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Study Notes

Abnormal Psychology Introduction

  • Abnormal psychology is a branch of psychology examining psychopathology and abnormal behavior
  • It studies unusual patterns of emotion, behavior, and thought, possibly signifying a mental disorder
  • It focuses on individuals deemed "abnormal" or "atypical" compared to societal norms
  • It encompasses a wide range of disorders, from depression to sexual deviation

Defining Abnormality

  • Statistical Infrequency: A behavior is abnormal if it is rare or statistically unusual. Limitations include failing to differentiate desirable from undesirable behaviors and some rare behaviors are not considered abnormal
  • Violation of Social Norms: A behavior is abnormal if it violates societal expectations or unwritten rules. However, social norms change over time, and behaviors once considered abnormal might become acceptable.
  • Failure to Function Adequately: A behavior is abnormal if it prevents someone from coping with daily life demands (self-care, job, interactions). However, sometimes seemingly abnormal behavior can actually be helpful.
  • Deviation from Ideal Mental Health: Defining what is normal or ideal helps determine abnormality. Ideal mental health includes positive self-perception, strong relationships, and environmental mastery.

Classification of Mental Disorders

  • The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) provides a classification system for mental disorders. It's developed by the American Psychiatric Association.
  • The ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases) is a similar system from the World Health Organization.
  • These manuals help distinguish between different disorders and provide a common language for healthcare professionals for accurate diagnoses and effective treatment.

Multiaxial Assessment

  • The DSM-IV-TR uses a multiaxial system to evaluate patients along multiple dimensions (Axis I, II, III, IV, and V)
  • Axis I: Clinical disorders and other conditions requiring attention
  • Axis II: Personality disorders and mental retardation
  • Axis III: General medical conditions (e.g., physical illnesses)
  • Axis IV: Psychosocial and environmental problems (e.g., problems with housing, support groups)
  • Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score (1-100) that assesses overall level of functioning. It includes social, occupational, and psychological factors. Higher GAF scores represent better functioning.

Ideal Mental Health

  • Includes accurate perception of reality, positive relationships, and effective environmental mastery.
  • Limitations: It is difficult to attain all criteria consistently.

Signs and Symptoms

  • Signs: Observable, objective findings (e.g., constricted affect)
  • Symptoms: Subjective experiences reported by the individual (e.g., depressed mood)
  • Different types of emotional (affect/mood), motor behavior, cognitive impairments, and perceptual disturbances are covered.

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