Abnormal Psychology - Neurodevelopmental Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders?

Primarily related to physical disabilities

Developmental deficits before school age (correct)

Only affects cognitive abilities

Onset during late adolescence

Intellectual disability impacts which of the following aspects of life?

Personal independence and social responsibility (correct)

Physical health and fitness

Social participation only

Aggression management

Which of the following is NOT a criterion for diagnosing intellectual disability?

Confirmation through standardized intelligence testing

Deficits in adaptive functioning

Onset of symptoms after age 18 (correct)

Deficits in intellectual functions

What do deficits in intellectual abilities include?

Decision making and judgment Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between intellectual disability and adaptive functioning?

Deficits in one can lead to problems in the other Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect does NOT typically suffer from intellectual disability?

Physical endurance Signup and view all the answers

What type of impairments are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders?

Global impairments in multiple areas Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following does NOT represent a domain of adaptive functioning affected by intellectual disability?

Physical appearance Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of deficits in adaptive functioning in individuals with intellectual disabilities?

Failure to meet personal independence standards Signup and view all the answers

When do neurodevelopmental disorders typically onset?

During the developmental period Signup and view all the answers

What can limit functioning in activities of daily life such as communication and social participation?

Adaptive deficits Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a level of severity defined for Intellectual Disability?

Acute Signup and view all the answers

When can the clinical severity level of Global Developmental Delay be reliably assessed?

After the age of 5 years Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes Autism Spectrum Disorder concerning social interactions?

Persistent deficits in social communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of restricted and repetitive patterns of behavior in Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Insistence on sameness Signup and view all the answers

How many of the following manifestations should be present in Autism Spectrum Disorder: stereotyped behaviors, insistence on sameness, and unusual interests?

Two Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is considered when specifying the current severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Social communication impairments Signup and view all the answers

In the context of Global Developmental Delay, what is a child unable to do?

Meet expected developmental milestones Signup and view all the answers

What is a common element among children classified under Autism Spectrum Disorder?

Deficits in nonverbal communication Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions does NOT characterize neurodevelopmental disorders?

Post-traumatic stress disorder Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Abnormal Psychology - 30-35

Topic: Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Introduction

Onset occurs in the developmental period, before school entry
Characterized by developmental deficits impacting personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning

Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Range of Deficits

Deficits range from specific learning limitations to executive function control issues, or broader impairments in social skills or intelligence

Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Intellectual Disability

Deficits in general mental abilities: reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, judgment, academic learning, and learning from experience
Results in impairments of adaptive functioning
Adaptive functioning is the failure to meet standards of personal independence and social responsibility in one or more aspects of daily life

Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Intellectual Disability Aspects of Life

Aspects include communication, social participation, academic and occupational functioning, personal independence at home, or in community settings
Onset is during the developmental period
Includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains

Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Intellectual Disability - Diagnostic Criteria

Criterion 1: Deficits in intellectual functions that are confirmed through both clinical assessments and individualized, standardized intelligence tests
Criterion 2: Deficits in adaptive functioning resulting in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility
Criterion 3: Without ongoing support, adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities (e.g., communication, social participation, independent living) across multiple environments

Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Intellectual Disability - Severity Levels

Severity levels (mild, moderate, severe, profound) are defined based on adaptive functioning

Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Global Developmental Delay

Clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed in early childhood (less than 5 years old)
Characterized by an individual's failure to meet expected developmental milestones in multiple areas of intellectual functioning—often related to children too young for standardized testing.
- Requires reassessment after a period of time

Neurodevelopmental Disorders - Autism Spectrum Disorder

Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction (e.g., social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, developing relationships)
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities (e.g., stereotyped motor movements, use of objects, insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, restricted/fixated interests)
- These symptoms can show up in various intensities and forms
Hyper- or hypo reactivity to sensory input or unusual interests in sensory aspects
Specify current severity -Severity based on social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior—symptoms should be present in early developmental period
Symptoms must cause significant impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of current functioning; not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay
Specify if: with or without accompanying intellectual impairment, language impairment, associated with another medical or genetic condition or environmental factor

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Description

Explore the complexities of neurodevelopmental disorders in this quiz. Learn about the developmental deficits that affect personal, social, and academic functioning. Understand the implications of intellectual disabilities and their impact on daily life.