Neurodevelopmental Disorders Overview

Neurodevelopmental disorders are conditions that affect brain development early in life, often before a child starts school.

These disorders can affect a person's ability to function in everyday life, including social interactions, learning, personal care, and work.

Classifications used to describe the severity of a disorder and its impact on daily life.

Descriptions of how a person's symptoms are currently presenting, used to track changes over time.

Information about whether a disorder is linked to a genetic condition, medical issue, or environmental factor.

A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior.

Skill domains assessed in IDD, including reasoning, problem-solving, and learning.

Skill domains assessed in IDD, including communication, independence, and social participation.

Refers to a person's ability to handle everyday activities like money management, cooking, and taking care of themselves. These abilities are crucial for independent living and social success.

Describes the impact of intellectual disabilities on a person's ability to understand and interact with the world around them. It encompasses cognitive skills like reasoning, problem-solving, and learning.

Individuals with mild intellectual disabilities may struggle with complex tasks like managing money or planning. However, they can often lead fairly independent lives with some support.

Individuals with moderate intellectual disabilities require significant assistance with daily tasks that require conceptual thinking, such as managing finances or planning. They may have difficulty with complex concepts and tasks.

Individuals with severe intellectual disabilities have limited ability to understand complex concepts and may struggle with even basic academic skills. They require substantial support in their day-to-day lives.

Individuals with profound intellectual disabilities have very limited understanding of the world and rely heavily on others for care and communication. They typically require specialized support in all areas of their lives.

This domain examines how intellectual disabilities impact a person's social skills, their ability to understand social cues, and form meaningful relationships.

Individuals with mild intellectual disabilities may struggle to understand social cues and may be more susceptible to manipulation. They can form friendships but may need guidance in navigating social situations.

A classification used for children under 5 years old who haven't met important developmental milestones in multiple areas like learning, communication, or motor skills.

A temporary diagnosis used when people over 5 likely have intellectual developmental delays, but their level of difficulty is hard to assess.

Used when children are too young or unable to complete tests that measure intellectual abilities.

Challenges like sensory impairments, physical disabilities, or behavioral issues make testing difficult.

Doctors will reassess the child as they grow older to see if they meet the criteria for a more specific diagnosis.

The individual's condition needs to be reassessed to confirm their abilities once the obstacles to testing are addressed.

Needs help with complex tasks like finances or organizing daily life. Can work in jobs that don't require advanced conceptual skills.

Fully dependent on caregivers for all aspects of personal care and daily life. Participation in activities is passive (e.g., listening to music or being pushed on a walk). Severe physical or sensory impairments often co-occur, further limiting independence.

A speech disorder affecting sound production, leading to unclear speech and communication difficulties. Diagnosed when symptoms start early and are not caused by other medical conditions.

A condition characterized by persistent difficulties with the flow and timing of speech, causing disruptions like repetitions, prolongations, or blocks.

Repeating sounds or syllables, e.g., 'b-b-b-ball'.

Stretching out sounds, e.g., 'sssssnake'.

Pauses or interruptions within a word, making it sound broken.

Pausing before speaking, either with a sound (e.g., 'uh...I want that') or silently.

Avoiding certain words by using others, e.g., 'that thing' instead of 'book'.

Visible effort or strain during speech.

The ability to articulate individual speech sounds clearly, forming words in a way that can be easily understood.

The understanding and use of speech sounds in a particular language. This includes recognizing, remembering, and using the correct sounds.

Difficulty recognizing, learning, or using the correct speech sounds in a language. This can lead to consistent mispronunciations.

Problems coordinating the movements of the tongue, lips, jaw, and breath needed to make speech sounds accurately.

A persistent issue where a person struggles to pronounce speech sounds correctly, leading to unclear and difficult-to-understand speech.

The difficulties with speech sound production in SSD are not caused by conditions such as cleft palate, cerebral palsy, or hearing loss.

Speech sound disorders typically appear early in life, often during the time when children are learning to speak.

A communication disorder is a condition that impacts a person's ability to communicate clearly and effectively. This can involve problems with speaking, understanding language, or interacting socially.

Speech disorders affect how sounds are produced. This includes clarity of sounds, fluency, and voice quality.

Language disorders involve challenges in comprehending or using language. It impacts understanding spoken and written language, as well as expressing oneself clearly.

Articulation refers to the clarity and precision of sounds produced during speech. It's about saying words correctly.

Fluency refers to the smooth flow of speech. It's about speaking without interruptions or stutters.

Voice and Resonance involve the quality and tone of a person's voice. It affects the way their voice sounds.

Language Disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting a person's ability to understand and use language effectively. It causes difficulties in vocabulary, grammar, and conversation.

Communication involves expressing oneself and interacting with others. It includes both verbal and nonverbal behaviors.