Abnormal Psychology - Neurodevelopmental Disorders PDF

Abnormal Psychology Instructor: Prof. Dr. Rukhsana Kausar Topic: 30-35 1 Abnormal Psychology Neurodevelopmental Disorders 2  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Introduction  Onset in the de...

Abnormal Psychology Instructor: Prof. Dr. Rukhsana Kausar Topic: 30-35 1 Abnormal Psychology Neurodevelopmental Disorders 2  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Introduction  Onset in the developmental period, before the child enters school  Characterized by developmental deficits that produce impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders  The range of developmental deficits varies from very specific limitations of learning, control of executive functions to global impairments of social skills or intelligence.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disability Deficits in general mental abilities:  Reasoning,  Problem solving,  Planning,  Abstract thinking,  Judgment,  Academic learning  Learning from experiences  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disability  Results in impairments of adaptive functioning.  the individual fails to meet standards of personal independence and social responsibility in one or more aspects of daily life.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disability Aspects of Life include:  Communication  Social participation  Academic or occupational functioning  Personal independence at home or in community settings.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disability  Onset is during the developmental period  Includes both intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits in conceptual, social, and practical domains.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disability Diagnostic Criteria The following three criteria must be met: 1. Deficits in intellectual functions, confirmed by both clinical assessment and individualized, standardized intelligence testing.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disability Diagnostic Criteria 2. Deficits in adaptive functioning that result in failure to meet developmental and sociocultural standards for personal independence and social responsibility  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disability Diagnostic Criteria 3. Without ongoing support, the adaptive deficits limit functioning in one or more activities of daily life: Communication, Social participation, Independent living across multiple environments, such as home, school, work, and community.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Intellectual Disability Diagnostic Criteria Specify current severity Mild Moderate Severe Profound Levels of severity are defined on the basis of adaptive functioning given in DSM 5.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Global Developmental Delay Clinical severity level cannot be reliably assessed during early childhood (below 5 years). When an individual fails to meet expected developmental milestones in several areas of intellectual functioning  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Global Developmental Delay Children who are too young to participate in standardized testing. This category requires reassessment after a period of time.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction: including deficits in: Social-emotional reciprocity, Nonverbal communication behaviors used for social interaction. Developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following, currently or by history 1. Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder 2. Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behavior 3. Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder Hyper- or hypo reactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder Specify current severity: Severity is based on social communication impairments and restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior. Symptoms must be present in the early developmental period  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms cause clinically significant impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of current functioning. These disturbances are not better explained by intellectual disability or global developmental delay.  Neurodevelopmental Disorders Autism Spectrum Disorder Specify if; With or without accompanying intellectual impairment With or without accompanying language impairment Associated with an other medical or genetic condition or environmental factor