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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT considered a neurodevelopmental disorder, according to the provided text?
Which of the following is NOT considered a neurodevelopmental disorder, according to the provided text?
What can be a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders?
What can be a cause of neurodevelopmental disorders?
What differentiates a dual diagnosis from comorbidity?
What differentiates a dual diagnosis from comorbidity?
What is the main characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders, according to the text?
What is the main characteristic of neurodevelopmental disorders, according to the text?
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A child who has a delay in developing speech but otherwise demonstrates normal development in other areas would likely be described as having:
A child who has a delay in developing speech but otherwise demonstrates normal development in other areas would likely be described as having:
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Which of the following is NOT included under the category of neurodevelopmental disorders?
Which of the following is NOT included under the category of neurodevelopmental disorders?
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What is one of the intended outcomes of the RHPA framework?
What is one of the intended outcomes of the RHPA framework?
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Which of the following best describes the role of health regulatory colleges under the RHPA?
Which of the following best describes the role of health regulatory colleges under the RHPA?
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What is a key characteristic of intellectual disability?
What is a key characteristic of intellectual disability?
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Which controlled act may pose a risk to the public if not performed by a qualified practitioner?
Which controlled act may pose a risk to the public if not performed by a qualified practitioner?
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At what age does intellectual disability typically originate?
At what age does intellectual disability typically originate?
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What does the Health Professions Regulatory Advisory Council do?
What does the Health Professions Regulatory Advisory Council do?
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Which of the following statements about nonverbal learning disability is true?
Which of the following statements about nonverbal learning disability is true?
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Which of the following must be considered in the assessment of limitations in intellectual functioning?
Which of the following must be considered in the assessment of limitations in intellectual functioning?
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What is the significance of describing limitations in individuals with intellectual disabilities?
What is the significance of describing limitations in individuals with intellectual disabilities?
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The RHPA framework is meant to provide which of the following?
The RHPA framework is meant to provide which of the following?
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Which of these disorders is specifically categorized under specific learning disorders?
Which of these disorders is specifically categorized under specific learning disorders?
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What is the focus of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF)?
What is the focus of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF)?
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How is the ICF intended to function alongside other classification systems?
How is the ICF intended to function alongside other classification systems?
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What assumption is essential for applying the definition of intellectual disability?
What assumption is essential for applying the definition of intellectual disability?
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What does the term 'adaptive behavior' refer to?
What does the term 'adaptive behavior' refer to?
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What does the 'capacity' qualifier in the ICF model describe?
What does the 'capacity' qualifier in the ICF model describe?
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Which of the following is NOT included in the performance qualifiers in the ICF model?
Which of the following is NOT included in the performance qualifiers in the ICF model?
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What is the purpose of the ICF model for children whose functional well-being is at risk?
What is the purpose of the ICF model for children whose functional well-being is at risk?
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In the context of the ICF model, which aspect does 'performance' specifically relate to?
In the context of the ICF model, which aspect does 'performance' specifically relate to?
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What additional detail does the ICF-CY classification provide?
What additional detail does the ICF-CY classification provide?
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Which domain is NOT included in the participation aspects of the ICF model?
Which domain is NOT included in the participation aspects of the ICF model?
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How does the ICF model assess a child's performance effectively?
How does the ICF model assess a child's performance effectively?
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What is the ICF model's relationship to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health?
What is the ICF model's relationship to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health?
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What is the primary purpose of the IPRC?
What is the primary purpose of the IPRC?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health)?
Which of the following is NOT considered a component of the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health)?
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How does the ICF model differ from previous approaches to understanding disability?
How does the ICF model differ from previous approaches to understanding disability?
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What is the significance of the shift in language from terms like "impairment" to "body function and structure" in the ICF model?
What is the significance of the shift in language from terms like "impairment" to "body function and structure" in the ICF model?
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Which of the following is an example of an "Activity Limitation" as defined by the ICF?
Which of the following is an example of an "Activity Limitation" as defined by the ICF?
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What is the role of "Environmental Factors" in the ICF framework?
What is the role of "Environmental Factors" in the ICF framework?
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How does the IPRC use information gathered from observations, test results, and assessments?
How does the IPRC use information gathered from observations, test results, and assessments?
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What is the primary purpose of the ICF model in the context of special education?
What is the primary purpose of the ICF model in the context of special education?
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Which of the following is NOT a category of exceptionality as defined in the Education Act (Ontario)?
Which of the following is NOT a category of exceptionality as defined in the Education Act (Ontario)?
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What is the primary objective of the new 'person-centered approach' with regards to developmental disabilities?
What is the primary objective of the new 'person-centered approach' with regards to developmental disabilities?
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What is a key change in the definition of developmental disabilities?
What is a key change in the definition of developmental disabilities?
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What is the principle behind the introduction of 'supports' in the new legislation regarding developmental disabilities in Ontario?
What is the principle behind the introduction of 'supports' in the new legislation regarding developmental disabilities in Ontario?
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How are individuals identified as 'exceptional' students in the Ontario education system?
How are individuals identified as 'exceptional' students in the Ontario education system?
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What is the key difference between the 'exceptionalities' defined in the Education Act and clinical diagnoses like the DSM-5 or ICD-11?
What is the key difference between the 'exceptionalities' defined in the Education Act and clinical diagnoses like the DSM-5 or ICD-11?
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What does the text suggest is the significance of the new legislation concerning developmental disabilities in Ontario?
What does the text suggest is the significance of the new legislation concerning developmental disabilities in Ontario?
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What is a "Special Services at Home Program" mentioned in the text?
What is a "Special Services at Home Program" mentioned in the text?
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course title: Psychology, Developmental Disabilities
- Course code: PSYC-3230-01
- Semester: Winter 2025
- Lecture date: January 8, 2025
- Lecture number: 2
- Instructor: Dr. Philip W. R. Ricciardi, C. Psych.
- Instructor's title: Adjunct Associate Professor
- University: University of Windsor
Acknowledgement
- The land and water are acknowledged to have been originally occupied by Indigenous Peoples for many years
- Agreements and treaties established between indigenous and allied nations
- Acknowledgement of the Three Fires Confederacy and Huron/Wendat peoples
- Respect for First Nations, Inuit, and Métis peoples
Announcements
- Each lecture set includes an announcement slide, typically the third slide
- The announcement slide provides course information such as exam content and reading material upload dates
- Students should refer to the announcement slide before emailing inquiries
Understanding Disabilities: A Systems Approach
- A model of context is used to understand disabilities
- The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) provides a health and health-related domains approach
- ICF considers environmental factors influencing disability as it's context dependent.
Classifications and Frameworks
- The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) is mentioned
- The structure of that classification is outlined
- It includes 06 mental, behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorders
- There is a specific category for disorders of intellectual development within this framework (6A00)
Description of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Mental, behavioral, and neurodevelopmental disorders are described as syndromes of significant disturbance in a person's cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior; reflecting dysfunction
- These disturbances may manifest as distress or impairment in various functional areas (personal, family, social, educational, occupational)
Developmental Disabilities and Intellectual Disability
- Developmental disabilities are a group of conditions, due to impairments in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas
- They typically begin during development, lasting throughout life.
- Causes include genetics, parental health, pregnancy factors, birth complications, exposure to toxins, and more
- Intellectual disability is a category within developmental disabilities
- Comorbidity/Dual diagnosis refers to intellectual disability conditions plus a psychiatric disorder
- Intellectual disability, as defined by DSM-5, ASD, FASD, Cerebral palsy and LD are included in developmental disabilities
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Cognitive-related problems due to genetic cause that begin in early childhood.
- A group of conditions with onset often in early childhood.
- These disorders are medically understood as impairments of the brain and central nervous systems
- These are defined psychologically as conditions of abnormal brain function typically impacting a child's emotional, social, and cognitive skills.
- Causes include genetic influences, immune system disorders, infectious/bacterial diseases, nourishment deficiencies, exposure to toxins, adverse medications, and emotional deprivation.
Types of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Disorders such as intellectual disabilities, communication/language disorders, specific learning disorders (reading, written language, math), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) & related executives functions deficits, nonverbal learning disability, and motor disorders are included
Regulated Health Professions Act (RHPA) 1991
- The RHPA framework improves public protection
- Health professions regulation and governing structure based on this Act is detailed
- A Regulatory Advisory Council is part of this framework.
American Association on Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD) Definition
- Intellectual disability involves significant limitations in intellectual functioning and adaptive behaviors (conceptual, social, practical), originating before age 18
- Assumptions about present functioning, community environments, age, peers and culture influence assessment processes.
- Cultural and linguistic diversity, as well as differences in communication, sensory, motor and behavioral factors, are considered in a valid assessment. Limitations often coexist with strengths and individualized support needs should be considered
International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF)
- A WHO-developed model of health that encompasses all health aspects
- It is intended as a universal classification of health domains for all people, with a focus on health in terms of health-related domains
- It offers a complementary approach to the WHO's ICD classification system
- It has a biopsychosocial approach to functioning, disability, and health
Developmental Disabilities in Ontario
- Socio-political trends impacting developmental disabilities in Ontario (community living, inclusion, increasing knowledge of the field)
- Provincially, government roles have changed concerning developmental disabilities
- The 2008 Act, along with the 2011 Act, created new approaches, regarding accessibility and supports
Definitions
- The Ontario Education Act allows for exceptional student designations (behaviour, communication, intellectual, physical, multiple disabilities)
- Developmental disability is defined as having significant limitations in cognitive and adaptive functioning-beginning before age 18, being lifelong and affecting major life skills
Legislation
- New, modern language in disability legislation
- Flexible and broad support services are provided
- The new application and assessment process will be fair, consistent and standardized
Changes to Provincial Laws
- The broadening of developmental disabilities classification, including diagnoses such as mild autism spectrum disorder or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
- Community agency approaches and direct funding for support services are now emphasized.
ICF and Clinical Thinking
- The ICF model is an entry point for understanding how people's environment impacts functioning and participation
- It's a biopsychosocial approach to functioning, disability, and health, considering the interaction of body function, activity, and participation
- The environment, including family, is a critical component
- The ICF details ways for recording, documentation, and clinical practice.
Activities and Participation Domains
- Includes areas of communication, mobility, self-care, domestic life, relationships, major life areas, community involvement.
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Description
Test your knowledge on neurodevelopmental disorders, their characteristics, and related frameworks. This quiz covers essential concepts such as dual diagnosis, health regulatory frameworks, and intellectual disabilities. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these important topics in developmental psychology.
