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Questions and Answers
What does dysfunction refer to in the context of abnormal behavior?
What does dysfunction refer to in the context of abnormal behavior?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for labeling behavior as abnormal?
Which of the following is NOT a criterion for labeling behavior as abnormal?
Which of the following factors are included in the biological causes of abnormality?
Which of the following factors are included in the biological causes of abnormality?
How do violation of social norms impact the perception of behavior?
How do violation of social norms impact the perception of behavior?
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Which of the following components is considered to be a part of psychological causes for abnormal behavior?
Which of the following components is considered to be a part of psychological causes for abnormal behavior?
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What is the significance of genetic factors in psychological disorders?
What is the significance of genetic factors in psychological disorders?
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Which of the following is an example of personal distress in the context of disorders?
Which of the following is an example of personal distress in the context of disorders?
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What do biochemical imbalances contribute to in the realm of psychological disorders?
What do biochemical imbalances contribute to in the realm of psychological disorders?
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In Freud's perspective, abnormal behavior can arise from which of the following?
In Freud's perspective, abnormal behavior can arise from which of the following?
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Which aspect does NOT typically define an abnormal behavior under DSM-5 criteria?
Which aspect does NOT typically define an abnormal behavior under DSM-5 criteria?
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What does deviance in abnormal psychology refer to?
What does deviance in abnormal psychology refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Four Ds' of abnormality?
Which of the following is NOT one of the 'Four Ds' of abnormality?
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Which of the following criteria considers behavior abnormal if it causes significant personal discomfort?
Which of the following criteria considers behavior abnormal if it causes significant personal discomfort?
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How does dysfunction relate to abnormal behavior?
How does dysfunction relate to abnormal behavior?
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What aspect does the DSM-5 definition emphasize when identifying abnormal behavior?
What aspect does the DSM-5 definition emphasize when identifying abnormal behavior?
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What is the primary indication of distress in the context of psychological disorders?
What is the primary indication of distress in the context of psychological disorders?
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What factors can lead to varying judgments of abnormality across different societies?
What factors can lead to varying judgments of abnormality across different societies?
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In the context of abnormality, how is danger defined within abnormal behavior?
In the context of abnormality, how is danger defined within abnormal behavior?
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According to definitions of abnormal psychology, what role does prediction play?
According to definitions of abnormal psychology, what role does prediction play?
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Which of the following represents a limitation of using statistical criteria to define abnormal behavior?
Which of the following represents a limitation of using statistical criteria to define abnormal behavior?
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How does social norms impact the classification of abnormal behavior?
How does social norms impact the classification of abnormal behavior?
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Which of the following statements about personal distress in disorders is true?
Which of the following statements about personal distress in disorders is true?
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What is a common misconception about dysfunction in abnormal psychology?
What is a common misconception about dysfunction in abnormal psychology?
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What is a primary concern regarding the definition of abnormality based on personal distress?
What is a primary concern regarding the definition of abnormality based on personal distress?
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Which behavior exemplifies a situation where someone avoids certain tasks due to phobia?
Which behavior exemplifies a situation where someone avoids certain tasks due to phobia?
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What does the DSM-5 primarily aim to provide?
What does the DSM-5 primarily aim to provide?
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Why might dysfunction alone not indicate psychological abnormality?
Why might dysfunction alone not indicate psychological abnormality?
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What is a key aspect determining if behavior is viewed as deviant?
What is a key aspect determining if behavior is viewed as deviant?
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What describes the relationship between statistical criteria and societal norms in determining abnormal behavior?
What describes the relationship between statistical criteria and societal norms in determining abnormal behavior?
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In which context does social phobia typically manifest itself, according to the content provided?
In which context does social phobia typically manifest itself, according to the content provided?
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Study Notes
Abnormal Psychology: Introduction
- Abnormal psychology is the scientific study of abnormal behavior.
- It aims to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of human functioning.
- Definitions vary but often overlap, sharing common features.
The Four Ds
- Deviance: Behavior is different, extreme, unusual, or bizarre, deviating from societal norms and expectations. Judgments vary between cultures and situations.
- Distress: Behavior causes unpleasantness and upset to the individual, and it interferes with normal functioning
- Dysfunction: Behavior interferes with daily functioning and activities; it prevents someone from doing what is expected of them.
- Danger: Behavior poses a risk of harm to oneself or others.
Dysfunction
- Dysfunction is a hallmark of abnormality, representing that there is something wrong in the way the individual's usual behaviors work
- Psychological disorders often show impaired functioning in social, occupational, and other areas of life
DSM-5 Definition of Abnormal Behavior
- The DSM-5 defines abnormal behavior as a clinically significant disturbance in a person's cognition, emotion regulation, behavior—caused by dysfunctions in psychological, biological, or developmental processes.
- These disturbances are often associated with substantial difficulties in social, occupational, or other important aspects of life.
Different Criteria of Abnormality
- Statistical Criteria: Behaviors that are rare or statistically unusual can be considered abnormal. However, it is not always the case.
- Personal Distress: Behaviors, thoughts, or emotions that cause significant personal distress can be considered abnormal.
- Dysfunction: Behavior that interferes with daily functioning and social roles may indicate a potential problem.
- Violation of Social Norms: Behaviors that violate societal or cultural norms can be considered abnormal, though the interpretation of what is socially acceptable changes over time and differs widely between cultures.
Causes of Abnormality
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Biological Factors:
- Genetic factors: Inherited predispositions to certain disorders.
- Biochemical imbalances (i.e., hormones or neurotransmitters)
- Brain Structure or Function: Problems in the brain's structure or processes can create mental conditions
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Psychological Factors:
- Defense Mechanisms and Intrapsychic Conflicts
- Learned Responses/Behaviors
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Sociocultural factors: Social circumstances, environment, and cultural norms can influence mental health and lead to psychological issues. Negative experiences, social pressures can lead to psychological problems in some individuals
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Learned Responses: Children can learn to adopt the behavior of their parents or close contacts. If the parents are exhibiting anxiety related issues, then their children are more likely to exhibit such issues in the future.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of abnormal psychology, focusing on the Four Ds: Deviance, Distress, Dysfunction, and Danger. This quiz will test your understanding of how these elements interact in defining and diagnosing abnormal behavior. Delve into the nuances of psychological disorders and their implications on functioning.
