Abnormal Psychology Overview

Abnormal psychology primarily deals with psychopathology and abnormal behavior.

The term 'abnormal' is debatable because definitions of normality can shift over time and vary by cultural standards.

Common characteristics include infrequency, distress, impaired functioning, and social disruption.

<p>Abnormal behavior can impair an individual's ability to function normally, affecting relationships and daily activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nearly one in five U.S. adults live with a mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Counselors and psychologists work directly in the field of abnormal psychology, often providing clinical interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistical infrequency alone is insufficient because it doesn't account for healthy, desirable behaviors that may also be infrequent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal behavior is distinguished by the distress it causes to the individual or others and its social disruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcement theory suggests that we repeat behaviors that lead to positive outcomes or remove negative outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positive reinforcement involves adding a reward to increase a behavior, while negative reinforcement entails removing an adverse stimulus to encourage a specific behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-determination theory focuses on intrinsic motivation and argues that motivation should come from within rather than from external rewards or punishments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The three psychological needs are autonomy, competence, and relatedness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autonomy allows individuals to feel they have a choice and ownership over their behavior, which is essential for fostering intrinsic motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competence helps individuals feel knowledgeable and capable, thereby boosting their confidence and intrinsic motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Relatedness can be fostered through team bonding activities and creating spaces for personal connections among team members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic motivation is driven by internal satisfaction from the activity itself, while extrinsic motivation is influenced by external rewards or punishments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Past experiences can alter motivations; for instance, if an enjoyable activity becomes a job, both intrinsic and extrinsic motivators may change.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Managers can create a motivating environment by addressing autonomy, providing skill development, and fostering team relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal behavior is characterized by distress, dysfunction, and social disruption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The psychoanalytic approach emphasizes unconscious thoughts, desires, and memories.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The behavioral approach focuses on observable behaviors rather than underlying thoughts and feelings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The medical approach focuses on biological causes of mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cognitive therapies focus on changing internal thoughts and perceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social anxiety disorder and panic disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>One criticism is that it can stigmatize vulnerable or oppressed individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Correlational research examines relationships between variables without establishing cause and effect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It often focuses solely on biological and genetic determinants, neglecting holistic perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neurodevelopmental disorders are conditions that arise during development; an example is autism spectrum disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CBT combines cognitive and behavioral approaches to address thought patterns and behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A personality disorder involves enduring patterns of behavior that deviate from cultural expectations; an example is borderline personality disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using multiple approaches allows for a more comprehensive understanding and treatment of mental health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Medical Perspective focuses on psychological disorders as having underlying biological causes, similar to physical diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Psychodynamic Perspective attributes psychological disorders to unresolved unconscious conflicts and early childhood experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal behaviors are influenced by interactions with the environment through maladaptive learning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Distorted thought patterns can lead to negative emotions and behaviors, contributing to psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Socio-Cultural Perspective highlights the influence of cultural and societal factors on the expression of psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal psychology studies behaviors, thoughts, and emotions that fall outside statistical or societal norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Content theories focus on what motivates people, while process theories examine the thought processes behind motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five tiers are Physiological needs, Safety needs, Love and belonging, Esteem, and Self-actualization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Basic needs must be satisfied before individuals seek higher-level needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal psychology core concepts include the idea that abnormality can be viewed from different perspectives and that mental disorders often have multiple causes, including genetics and experiences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-actualization represents the ability to realize one’s full potential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It considers how cultural beliefs and social support systems influence the treatment and recovery of psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The study of abnormal psychology dates back to ancient Greece and gained momentum during the late 1800s with thinkers like Sigmund Freud.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Therapies such as behavior therapy, exposure therapy, and systematic desensitization are derived from this perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It enhances our understanding of mental disorders' causes and helps develop effective treatment methods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Culture influences how abnormality is perceived, as behaviors considered abnormal in one culture may be normal in another.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Motivational theories explore the forces that drive individuals to achieve specific outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Psychodynamic therapy aims to resolve unconscious conflicts by bringing them to consciousness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal psychology focuses on understanding, classifying, diagnosing, and treating psychological disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conditions studied include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Terminology has shifted to reduce stigma and promote a more compassionate approach to mental health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The term 'abnormal' signifies behaviors or emotions that deviate from statistical or societal norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Research aims to increase knowledge and understanding, while practice focuses on solving real-world mental health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recognizing multiple causes helps in creating tailored treatment approaches for individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Determining what is 'normal' can be subjective and influenced by shifting societal norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Language can either perpetuate stigma or promote understanding, depending on the terms used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abnormal psychology specifically studies atypical behavior and mental disorders, while other branches may focus on normal behavior or development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, societal changes can redefine what is considered abnormal as cultural norms evolve over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early psychologists like Freud advocated for methods including talk therapy to treat mental health conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maslow clarifies that his hierarchy of needs is interdependent, and one does not need to fully satisfy one level before addressing the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pyramid was popularized by another psychologist and is considered misleading since needs are not strictly sequential.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Base requirements include job security, adequate pay, and safe working conditions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The two factors are hygiene factors, which prevent dissatisfaction, and motivators, which enhance satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hygiene factors are essential as their absence causes dissatisfaction, while their presence maintains satisfaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Instrumentality refers to the belief that a reward is linked to performance, while expectancy refers to the belief that increased effort will lead to a better reward.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Managers should understand what rewards each team member values to connect performance with desired outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reinforcement theory focuses on how rewards and punishments can shape and influence employee behavior.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be applied by ensuring basic hygiene factors are satisfied before introducing motivators to enhance employee motivation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Combining both theories provides a comprehensive framework to ensure both basic needs and motivational factors are addressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vroom’s theory emphasizes that employees make decisions based on their expectations of pleasure and pain from outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Herzberg concluded that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction arise from different factors that need to be independently addressed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows leaders to ensure that fundamental needs are fulfilled before attempting to motivate higher-level needs in employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased employee motivation can occur when motivators such as recognition and opportunities for advancement are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers