Abnormal Psychology Chapter 3 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is diagnosis?

The classification of disorders by symptoms and signs.

What are the advantages of diagnosis?

Is not applicable in clinical care

Cornerstone of clinical care (correct)

Facilitates communication among professionals (correct)

Advances the search for causes and treatments (correct)

What does the overview of diagnosis entail?

Identification or recognition of a disorder on the basis of its characteristics.

What is a classification system?

A system used to subdivide or organize a set of objects. Signup and view all the answers

How are mental disorders currently classified?

On the basis of their descriptive features or symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

The previously used classification for abnormal behavior was widely praised for consistency.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the two diagnostic systems currently used?

Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM). Signup and view all the answers

Why are there two classification systems?

To match clients' problems with the most effective intervention and to aid in the search for new knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

What is reliability in the context of diagnosis?

Consistency of measurement. Signup and view all the answers

What is interrater reliability?

Observer agreement. Signup and view all the answers

What does test-retest reliability refer to?

Similarity of scores across repeated test administrations or observations. Signup and view all the answers

What is alternate forms reliability?

Similarity of scores on tests that are similar but not identical. Signup and view all the answers

What determines internal consistency?

The extent to which test items are related to one another. Signup and view all the answers

What is validity?

How well does a test measure what it is supposed to measure? Signup and view all the answers

What is content validity?

Extent to which a measure adequately samples the domain of interest. Signup and view all the answers

Define criterion validity.

Extent to which a measure is associated with another measure (the criterion). Signup and view all the answers

What does concurrent validity refer to?

Two measures administered at the same point in time. Signup and view all the answers

What is predictive validity?

Ability of the measure to predict another variable measured at some future point in time. Signup and view all the answers

What is construct validity?

It involves correlating multiple indirect measures of the attribute. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Multi-Trait/Multi-Method approach?

Evaluation of convergent validity and discriminant validity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the DSM?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What was the previous edition of the DSM called?

DSM-IV-TR. Signup and view all the answers

When was the current edition of the DSM published?

Summer of 2013. Signup and view all the answers

How many specific diagnostic categories are listed in the DSM-5?

More than 200. Signup and view all the answers

What is the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)?

Published by the World Health Organization. Signup and view all the answers

What are inclusion criteria?

Symptoms that must be present. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Diagnosis Overview

Classification of disorders based on symptoms and signs.
Essential for effective communication among professionals and the foundation for clinical care.
Involves identifying a disorder based on its characteristics.

Classification Systems

Systems subdivide or organize disorders based on different principles.
Can be based on descriptive similarities or other less obvious traits.
Current classifications focus on descriptive features and consider psychological, biological, and social factors.

Diagnostic Tools

Two main diagnostic systems exist: the DSM (Diagnostic Statistical Manual) and ICD (International Classification of Diseases).
DSM is published by the American Psychiatric Association, with DSM-5 being the latest version released in 2013.

Reliability and Validity

Reliability measures the consistency of assessments.
Types of reliability include:
- Interrater Reliability: Agreement among observers.
- Test-retest: Consistency of scores across repeated tests.
- Alternate Forms: Similarity of scores across different but comparable tests.
- Internal Consistency: Degree to which test items are related.
Validity assesses whether a test measures what it intends to.
- Content Validity: Adequacy of the measure in representing the domain.
- Criterion Validity: Relationship between a measure and another established measure.
- Concurrent Validity: Measures taken at the same time correlating well.
- Predictive Validity: Ability to predict future outcomes based on the measure.
- Construct Validity: Validating theoretical concepts through indirect measurements.

DSM Features

DSM-5 includes over 200 specific diagnostic categories and 22 primary headings.
Contains criteria for diagnoses:
- Inclusion Criteria: Symptoms that must be present.
- Exclusion Criteria: Conditions under which diagnosis cannot be made.
Multiple diagnoses can be assigned if criteria for several disorders are met.

Historical Context

DSM's first edition published in 1952, with the fourth edition revised in 2000.
Many texts still reference DSM-IV terminology despite the DSM-5 updates.
The ICD is published by the World Health Organization and version ___-10 is currently in use.

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Description

Explore essential terminology and concepts from Chapter 3 of Abnormal Psychology. These flashcards cover key terms like diagnosis, its advantages, and an overview of the diagnostic process. Perfect for students looking to enhance their understanding of psychological disorders.