Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term does the text prefer to use when referring to abnormal behaviour patterns?
What term does the text prefer to use when referring to abnormal behaviour patterns?
- Mental illness
- Psychological disorder (correct)
- Behavioral anomaly
- Emotional disturbance
What is the branch of psychology that addresses the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behaviour patterns?
What is the branch of psychology that addresses the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behaviour patterns?
- Developmental psychology
- Abnormal psychology (correct)
- Clinical psychology
- Behavioral psychology
Which perspective considers abnormal behaviour patterns as symptoms of underlying mental illnesses or disorders?
Which perspective considers abnormal behaviour patterns as symptoms of underlying mental illnesses or disorders?
- Medical model perspective (correct)
- Cognitive-behavioral perspective
- Psychosocial perspective
- Humanistic perspective
What is the term used to refer to what was historically done to people with abnormal behaviour?
What is the term used to refer to what was historically done to people with abnormal behaviour?
What is the first task addressed in the chapter regarding abnormal behaviour?
What is the first task addressed in the chapter regarding abnormal behaviour?
What is one indication that emotional states like anxiety and depression may be considered abnormal?
What is one indication that emotional states like anxiety and depression may be considered abnormal?
When might feeling anxious be considered abnormal?
When might feeling anxious be considered abnormal?
What might suggest abnormal behavior based on the magnitude of the problem?
What might suggest abnormal behavior based on the magnitude of the problem?
When might feeling depressed be considered abnormal?
When might feeling depressed be considered abnormal?
What might suggest abnormal behavior based on physical symptoms?
What might suggest abnormal behavior based on physical symptoms?
In the context of abnormal behavior, what is considered abnormal in one culture but normal in another?
In the context of abnormal behavior, what is considered abnormal in one culture but normal in another?
Which criterion for abnormal behavior emphasizes behavior that impairs health, social, or occupational functioning?
Which criterion for abnormal behavior emphasizes behavior that impairs health, social, or occupational functioning?
What was previously classified as a mental disorder but is not considered abnormal by the psychiatric profession today?
What was previously classified as a mental disorder but is not considered abnormal by the psychiatric profession today?
In the context of abnormal behavior, what is considered abnormal in Canadian culture?
In the context of abnormal behavior, what is considered abnormal in Canadian culture?
When might anxiety be considered abnormal in the context of cultural variations?
When might anxiety be considered abnormal in the context of cultural variations?
In which culture do people generally place greater emphasis on the physical or somatic symptoms of depression, such as headaches and fatigue?
In which culture do people generally place greater emphasis on the physical or somatic symptoms of depression, such as headaches and fatigue?
What do traditional cultures often invoke as causes of abnormal behavior?
What do traditional cultures often invoke as causes of abnormal behavior?
What is an example of a belief in Filipino folk society regarding psychological problems?
What is an example of a belief in Filipino folk society regarding psychological problems?
In which countries has the abnormal behavior pattern associated with schizophrenia been observed?
In which countries has the abnormal behavior pattern associated with schizophrenia been observed?
What percentage of individuals in Nigeria attributed mental illness to possession by evil spirits?
What percentage of individuals in Nigeria attributed mental illness to possession by evil spirits?
What does the text emphasize about the continuum between normal and abnormal behavior?
What does the text emphasize about the continuum between normal and abnormal behavior?
Why does the text mention that individuals may have experienced some symptoms of the discussed disorders without being considered abnormal?
Why does the text mention that individuals may have experienced some symptoms of the discussed disorders without being considered abnormal?
What approach to diagnosis is currently used, according to the text?
What approach to diagnosis is currently used, according to the text?
What will be introduced at the beginning of each chapter, according to the text?
What will be introduced at the beginning of each chapter, according to the text?
How does the text describe the continuum between normal and abnormal behavior?
How does the text describe the continuum between normal and abnormal behavior?
What has historically shaped concepts of abnormal behaviour in Western culture?
What has historically shaped concepts of abnormal behaviour in Western culture?
How has the predominant worldview regarding abnormal behaviour shifted in modern times?
How has the predominant worldview regarding abnormal behaviour shifted in modern times?
What is abnormal behaviour viewed as in modern Western culture?
What is abnormal behaviour viewed as in modern Western culture?
What were abnormal behaviour patterns often taken as a sign of throughout much of history?
What were abnormal behaviour patterns often taken as a sign of throughout much of history?
What is the demonological model of abnormal behavior based on?
What is the demonological model of abnormal behavior based on?
What was the purpose of trephination as per the text?
What was the purpose of trephination as per the text?
How did ancient Babylonians explain natural forces?
How did ancient Babylonians explain natural forces?
What did the egg-size cavities in the skulls of prehistoric human skeletons indicate?
What did the egg-size cavities in the skulls of prehistoric human skeletons indicate?
What was the threat of trephining used for, according to the text?
What was the threat of trephining used for, according to the text?
Hippocrates believed that an excess of black bile could cause which of the following?
Hippocrates believed that an excess of black bile could cause which of the following?
What did Hippocrates believe an excess of yellow bile could cause?
What did Hippocrates believe an excess of yellow bile could cause?
What was the significance of Hippocrates's theory of bodily humours?
What was the significance of Hippocrates's theory of bodily humours?
What did Hippocrates believe an excess of blood could create?
What did Hippocrates believe an excess of blood could create?
What did Hippocrates believe was the cause of abnormal behavior?
What did Hippocrates believe was the cause of abnormal behavior?
What was the manual for witch hunting compiled by two Dominican priests called?
What was the manual for witch hunting compiled by two Dominican priests called?
What did modern scholars once believe about the so-called witches of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?
What did modern scholars once believe about the so-called witches of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?
What was the first asylum in what is now North America?
What was the first asylum in what is now North America?
What did the Catholic community take responsibility for in the Hôtel Dieu in Quebec City?
What did the Catholic community take responsibility for in the Hôtel Dieu in Quebec City?
What was the standard operating procedure in many Ontario asylums in the nineteenth century?
What was the standard operating procedure in many Ontario asylums in the nineteenth century?
Who was the first official to unchain a group of the 'incurably insane' at La Bicêtre?
Who was the first official to unchain a group of the 'incurably insane' at La Bicêtre?
What was the philosophy of treatment that emerged from the efforts at La Bicêtre and in England?
What was the philosophy of treatment that emerged from the efforts at La Bicêtre and in England?
Who was the first in North America to publicly report on the therapeutic value of chlorpromazine?
Who was the first in North America to publicly report on the therapeutic value of chlorpromazine?
What did chlorpromazine help suppress in individuals with schizophrenia?
What did chlorpromazine help suppress in individuals with schizophrenia?
What did the advent of phenothiazines spur in the mental health-care system in Canada?
What did the advent of phenothiazines spur in the mental health-care system in Canada?
What is the focus of the MHCC's strategic plan (2017–2022)?
What is the focus of the MHCC's strategic plan (2017–2022)?
Under which strategic direction does the MHCC aim to address the mental health needs of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis?
Under which strategic direction does the MHCC aim to address the mental health needs of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis?
What document represents the MHCC’s strategic plan (2017–2022)?
What document represents the MHCC’s strategic plan (2017–2022)?
How many recommendations for action are outlined in the MHCC's strategic plan?
How many recommendations for action are outlined in the MHCC's strategic plan?
What is the purpose of the MHCC's strategic plan (2017–2022)?
What is the purpose of the MHCC's strategic plan (2017–2022)?
What prompted society to turn toward reason and science as ways of explaining natural phenomena and human behaviour?
What prompted society to turn toward reason and science as ways of explaining natural phenomena and human behaviour?
What did the emerging sciences of biology, chemistry, physics, and astronomy promise?
What did the emerging sciences of biology, chemistry, physics, and astronomy promise?
What were the models representing the emerging perspectives of abnormal behaviour in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
What were the models representing the emerging perspectives of abnormal behaviour in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?
What did the rapid developments in medical science uncover?
What did the rapid developments in medical science uncover?
What did the rise of natural sciences prompt society to turn towards?
What did the rise of natural sciences prompt society to turn towards?
What did the medical model inspire regarding the treatment of abnormal behavior?
What did the medical model inspire regarding the treatment of abnormal behavior?
What did the medical model replace as the predominant worldview regarding abnormal behavior?
What did the medical model replace as the predominant worldview regarding abnormal behavior?
What did the medical model lead to the use of in terminology?
What did the medical model lead to the use of in terminology?
What did the medical model inspire society to replace hatred, fear, and persecution with?
What did the medical model inspire society to replace hatred, fear, and persecution with?
What did the medical model lead professionals and laypeople to speak of people with deemed abnormal behavior as?
What did the medical model lead professionals and laypeople to speak of people with deemed abnormal behavior as?
What was Freud's theoretical model considered to be?
What was Freud's theoretical model considered to be?
Where does the psychodynamic model suggest the causes of abnormal behaviours lie?
Where does the psychodynamic model suggest the causes of abnormal behaviours lie?
What did Freud receive a strong impression of from his experience with Charcot?
What did Freud receive a strong impression of from his experience with Charcot?
What did the psychodynamic model propose as the underlying causes of abnormal behaviours?
What did the psychodynamic model propose as the underlying causes of abnormal behaviours?
What were the other psychological perspectives on abnormal behaviour based on?
What were the other psychological perspectives on abnormal behaviour based on?
What sociocultural factors are mentioned in relation to understanding people perceived as mentally ill or abnormal?
What sociocultural factors are mentioned in relation to understanding people perceived as mentally ill or abnormal?
What is the focus of the counts mentioned in the text?
What is the focus of the counts mentioned in the text?
What is mentioned as a daily experience for many Canadians diagnosed with psychological or addictive disorders?
What is mentioned as a daily experience for many Canadians diagnosed with psychological or addictive disorders?
Which chapter will address the topic of stigma and discrimination for Canadians diagnosed with psychological or addictive disorders?
Which chapter will address the topic of stigma and discrimination for Canadians diagnosed with psychological or addictive disorders?
What does the text alert us to consider in understanding people perceived as mentally ill or abnormal?
What does the text alert us to consider in understanding people perceived as mentally ill or abnormal?
What term does the text prefer to use when referring to approaches that emphasize the role of biological factors in explaining abnormal behaviour?
What term does the text prefer to use when referring to approaches that emphasize the role of biological factors in explaining abnormal behaviour?
What has grown rapidly in recent years, leading to exciting advances in genetics, epigenetics, and stem cell research?
What has grown rapidly in recent years, leading to exciting advances in genetics, epigenetics, and stem cell research?
What do we need to learn the basics of in order to better understand the role of biological systems in abnormal behaviour patterns?
What do we need to learn the basics of in order to better understand the role of biological systems in abnormal behaviour patterns?
What has the medical model inspired regarding the understanding and treatment of abnormal behaviour?
What has the medical model inspired regarding the understanding and treatment of abnormal behaviour?
What are taking us to an entirely new level of understanding of abnormal behaviour, according to the text?
What are taking us to an entirely new level of understanding of abnormal behaviour, according to the text?
What is the estimated number of base-pair compounds forming the DNA double-helix structures in the human genome?
What is the estimated number of base-pair compounds forming the DNA double-helix structures in the human genome?
What is the role of the epigenome in gene regulation?
What is the role of the epigenome in gene regulation?
What is the primary focus of stem cell research in relation to psychiatric disorders?
What is the primary focus of stem cell research in relation to psychiatric disorders?
What is the consequence of genetic errors?
What is the consequence of genetic errors?
What has epigenetics research provided scientists with regarding human diseases and disorders?
What has epigenetics research provided scientists with regarding human diseases and disorders?
What is the role of myelin sheath in a neuron?
What is the role of myelin sheath in a neuron?
What is the function of neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?
What is the function of neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?
What is the junction between a transmitting neuron and a receiving neuron called?
What is the junction between a transmitting neuron and a receiving neuron called?
What is the function of synaptic vesicles in synaptic transmission?
What is the function of synaptic vesicles in synaptic transmission?
What role do neurotransmitters play in mental health problems?
What role do neurotransmitters play in mental health problems?
What are the two major parts of the nervous system?
What are the two major parts of the nervous system?
What does the central nervous system consist of?
What does the central nervous system consist of?
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?
What does the peripheral nervous system transmit to the muscles and glands?
What does the peripheral nervous system transmit to the muscles and glands?
What is the main function of the central nervous system?
What is the main function of the central nervous system?
Study Notes
Defining Abnormal Behavior and Cultural Variations
- Norms in different societies define acceptable behavior, with what is normal in one culture being abnormal in another.
- Social norms reflect cultural standards, not universal truths, leading to variations in what is considered normal.
- Anxiety is considered abnormal when excessive or inappropriate, such as experiencing it when boarding an elevator.
- Clinicians need to consider cultural differences when determining what is normal and abnormal.
- Social norms tend to label nonconformists as mentally disturbed, influencing perceptions of reality.
- Personal distress caused by emotions like anxiety and depression may be considered abnormal if prolonged or intense.
- Deviation from acceptable standards of conduct or social norms is a criterion for abnormal behavior.
- Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior that limits fulfillment or functioning may be regarded as abnormal.
- Dangerous behavior to oneself or others is considered abnormal, with social context being crucial in evaluation.
- Homosexuality was previously classified as a mental disorder, but is not considered abnormal by the psychiatric profession today.
- Perception of reality, such as seeing or hearing things that are not present, is considered abnormal in Canadian culture.
- Behavior that impairs health, social, or occupational functioning, like heavy alcohol consumption, may be viewed as abnormal.
Genetics, Epigenetics, and Stem Cells in Understanding Human Diseases
- The human genome consists of all the genetic material encoded in the DNA located in the nucleus of cells, with an estimated 2.8 billion base-pair compounds forming the DNA double-helix structures.
- The genome is made up of chromosomes segmented into genes, wrapped around histones, and with epigenetic markers that regulate gene expression or silencing.
- Most genes contain instructions for combining 20 standard amino acids to build a wide array of proteins, essential for bodily structures and functions.
- Genetic errors occur when the number or order of DNA base pairs is wrong, leading to abnormal bodily structures and functions.
- Epigenetics research has revealed the vital role of the epigenome in gene regulation through gene expression and silencing, influencing cell differentiation and specialized cell types.
- The epigenome regulates gene activation patterns, causing "brain" genes to be active in brain cells but silenced in muscle cells, and vice versa.
- Epigenetics research is at the forefront of investigating the role in the origin and course of psychological disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and eating disorders.
- Epigenetics has provided scientists with a significant reinterpretation of the interplay between genes and the environment, potentially revolutionizing the theory and treatment of human diseases and disorders.
- Stem cell research has opened up new avenues for studying the development and treatment of conditions such as schizophrenia, autism, and bipolar disorder.
- Stem cells can be artificially grown and transformed into specialized cell types, allowing for the study of living human brain cells in action, providing insight into psychiatric disorders.
- Researchers have used stem cells to gain insight into diseases such as sickle-cell anemia and heart arrhythmias, and have grown stem cells into neurons to study schizophrenia at the cellular level.
- The disease-in-a-dish strategy has allowed researchers to gain insight into various conditions, providing a promising new approach to the study and treatment of diseases.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your knowledge of abnormal behavior and mental disorders with this quiz. Explore the factors that contribute to abnormal behavior and gain insight into the different approaches to treatment.
