Abnormal Behavior and Mental Disorders Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What term does the text prefer to use when referring to abnormal behaviour patterns?

Mental illness

Psychological disorder (correct)

Behavioral anomaly

Emotional disturbance

What is the branch of psychology that addresses the description, causes, and treatment of abnormal behaviour patterns?

Developmental psychology

Abnormal psychology (correct)

Clinical psychology

Behavioral psychology

Which perspective considers abnormal behaviour patterns as symptoms of underlying mental illnesses or disorders?

Medical model perspective (correct)

Cognitive-behavioral perspective

Psychosocial perspective

Humanistic perspective

What is the term used to refer to what was historically done to people with abnormal behaviour?

Treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is the first task addressed in the chapter regarding abnormal behaviour?

Defining abnormal behaviour Signup and view all the answers

What is one indication that emotional states like anxiety and depression may be considered abnormal?

When they are not appropriate to the situation Signup and view all the answers

When might feeling anxious be considered abnormal?

Whenever entering a department store or boarding a crowded elevator Signup and view all the answers

What might suggest abnormal behavior based on the magnitude of the problem?

Feeling your heart hammering away so relentlessly that it feels like it might leap from your chest Signup and view all the answers

When might feeling depressed be considered abnormal?

When one’s grades are good or excellent Signup and view all the answers

What might suggest abnormal behavior based on physical symptoms?

Clothing becoming soaked with perspiration due to anxiety Signup and view all the answers

In the context of abnormal behavior, what is considered abnormal in one culture but normal in another?

Social norms Signup and view all the answers

Which criterion for abnormal behavior emphasizes behavior that impairs health, social, or occupational functioning?

Maladaptive behavior Signup and view all the answers

What was previously classified as a mental disorder but is not considered abnormal by the psychiatric profession today?

Homosexuality Signup and view all the answers

In the context of abnormal behavior, what is considered abnormal in Canadian culture?

Perception of reality Signup and view all the answers

When might anxiety be considered abnormal in the context of cultural variations?

Experiencing it when boarding an elevator Signup and view all the answers

In which culture do people generally place greater emphasis on the physical or somatic symptoms of depression, such as headaches and fatigue?

Chinese culture Signup and view all the answers

What do traditional cultures often invoke as causes of abnormal behavior?

Supernatural causes Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a belief in Filipino folk society regarding psychological problems?

Influence of 'evil spirits' Signup and view all the answers

In which countries has the abnormal behavior pattern associated with schizophrenia been observed?

Colombia, India, China, Denmark, Nigeria Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of individuals in Nigeria attributed mental illness to possession by evil spirits?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What does the text emphasize about the continuum between normal and abnormal behavior?

It is not always clear where the precise threshold between normal and abnormal lies Signup and view all the answers

Why does the text mention that individuals may have experienced some symptoms of the discussed disorders without being considered abnormal?

To emphasize the dimensional aspect of mental disorders Signup and view all the answers

What approach to diagnosis is currently used, according to the text?

Categorical approach Signup and view all the answers

What will be introduced at the beginning of each chapter, according to the text?

A continuum chart Signup and view all the answers

How does the text describe the continuum between normal and abnormal behavior?

As a range without a precise delineating line Signup and view all the answers

What has historically shaped concepts of abnormal behaviour in Western culture?

Beliefs in supernatural forces, demons, and evil spirits Signup and view all the answers

How has the predominant worldview regarding abnormal behaviour shifted in modern times?

Toward beliefs in science and reason Signup and view all the answers

What is abnormal behaviour viewed as in modern Western culture?

The product of physical and psychosocial factors Signup and view all the answers

What were abnormal behaviour patterns often taken as a sign of throughout much of history?

Possession Signup and view all the answers

What is the demonological model of abnormal behavior based on?

Supernatural or divine causes Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of trephination as per the text?

To create an outlet for evil spirits Signup and view all the answers

How did ancient Babylonians explain natural forces?

In terms of divine will and spirits Signup and view all the answers

What did the egg-size cavities in the skulls of prehistoric human skeletons indicate?

Belief in the invasion of evil spirits Signup and view all the answers

What was the threat of trephining used for, according to the text?

To persuade people to comply with group or tribal norms Signup and view all the answers

Hippocrates believed that an excess of black bile could cause which of the following?

Depression or melancholia Signup and view all the answers

What did Hippocrates believe an excess of yellow bile could cause?

Quick-tempered and choleric nature Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Hippocrates's theory of bodily humours?

It broke from demonology and foreshadowed the modern medical model Signup and view all the answers

What did Hippocrates believe an excess of blood could create?

Cheerful, confident, and optimistic disposition Signup and view all the answers

What did Hippocrates believe was the cause of abnormal behavior?

Imbalance of bodily humours Signup and view all the answers

What was the manual for witch hunting compiled by two Dominican priests called?

The Witches’ Hammer Signup and view all the answers

What did modern scholars once believe about the so-called witches of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?

They were actually people who were mentally disturbed Signup and view all the answers

What was the first asylum in what is now North America?

Hôtel Dieu in Quebec City Signup and view all the answers

What did the Catholic community take responsibility for in the Hôtel Dieu in Quebec City?

Treatment of patients with psychological disorders and intellectual disabilities Signup and view all the answers

What was the standard operating procedure in many Ontario asylums in the nineteenth century?

Allowing public viewing of the patients Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first official to unchain a group of the 'incurably insane' at La Bicêtre?

Pussin Signup and view all the answers

What was the philosophy of treatment that emerged from the efforts at La Bicêtre and in England?

Moral therapy Signup and view all the answers

Who was the first in North America to publicly report on the therapeutic value of chlorpromazine?

Dr. Ruth Kajander Signup and view all the answers

What did chlorpromazine help suppress in individuals with schizophrenia?

Flagrant behavior patterns Signup and view all the answers

What did the advent of phenothiazines spur in the mental health-care system in Canada?

Exodus from psychiatric hospitals Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the MHCC's strategic plan (2017–2022)?

Promoting mental health across the lifespan Signup and view all the answers

Under which strategic direction does the MHCC aim to address the mental health needs of First Nations, Inuit, and Métis?

Work with First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Signup and view all the answers

What document represents the MHCC’s strategic plan (2017–2022)?

Advancing the Mental Health Strategy for Canada: A Framework for Action Signup and view all the answers

How many recommendations for action are outlined in the MHCC's strategic plan?

109 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the MHCC's strategic plan (2017–2022)?

To promote mental health across the lifespan Signup and view all the answers

What prompted society to turn toward reason and science as ways of explaining natural phenomena and human behaviour?

The rise of the natural sciences Signup and view all the answers

What did the emerging sciences of biology, chemistry, physics, and astronomy promise?

Promise of scientific methods of observation and experimentation Signup and view all the answers

What were the models representing the emerging perspectives of abnormal behaviour in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

Biological, psychological, and sociocultural perspectives Signup and view all the answers

What did the rapid developments in medical science uncover?

The microbial causes of some kinds of diseases Signup and view all the answers

What did the rise of natural sciences prompt society to turn towards?

Reason and science as ways of explaining natural phenomena and human behaviour Signup and view all the answers

What did the medical model inspire regarding the treatment of abnormal behavior?

Abnormal behavior should be treated by learned professionals and not be punished Signup and view all the answers

What did the medical model replace as the predominant worldview regarding abnormal behavior?

Demonology Signup and view all the answers

What did the medical model lead to the use of in terminology?

Terms like mental health, diagnosis, patient, and therapy Signup and view all the answers

What did the medical model inspire society to replace hatred, fear, and persecution with?

Compassion Signup and view all the answers

What did the medical model lead professionals and laypeople to speak of people with deemed abnormal behavior as?

Mentally ill Signup and view all the answers

What was Freud's theoretical model considered to be?

The first major psychological model of abnormal behaviour Signup and view all the answers

Where does the psychodynamic model suggest the causes of abnormal behaviours lie?

In the interplay of forces within the unconscious mind Signup and view all the answers

What did Freud receive a strong impression of from his experience with Charcot?

The possibility of powerful mental processes hidden from consciousness Signup and view all the answers

What did the psychodynamic model propose as the underlying causes of abnormal behaviours?

Forces within the unconscious mind Signup and view all the answers

What were the other psychological perspectives on abnormal behaviour based on?

Behavioural, humanistic, and cognitive approaches Signup and view all the answers

What sociocultural factors are mentioned in relation to understanding people perceived as mentally ill or abnormal?

Gender, race, ethnicity, lifestyle, poverty, and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the counts mentioned in the text?

Targeting groups in greatest need and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing homelessness Signup and view all the answers

What is mentioned as a daily experience for many Canadians diagnosed with psychological or addictive disorders?

Stigma and discrimination Signup and view all the answers

Which chapter will address the topic of stigma and discrimination for Canadians diagnosed with psychological or addictive disorders?

Chapter 2, 'Assessment, Classification, and Treatment of Abnormal Behaviour' Signup and view all the answers

What does the text alert us to consider in understanding people perceived as mentally ill or abnormal?

The importance of taking into account sociocultural factors Signup and view all the answers

What term does the text prefer to use when referring to approaches that emphasize the role of biological factors in explaining abnormal behaviour?

Biological perspective Signup and view all the answers

What has grown rapidly in recent years, leading to exciting advances in genetics, epigenetics, and stem cell research?

Knowledge of biological underpinnings Signup and view all the answers

What do we need to learn the basics of in order to better understand the role of biological systems in abnormal behaviour patterns?

How the nervous system is organized Signup and view all the answers

What has the medical model inspired regarding the understanding and treatment of abnormal behaviour?

Use of biologically based components in treatment Signup and view all the answers

What are taking us to an entirely new level of understanding of abnormal behaviour, according to the text?

Advances in genetics, epigenetics, and stem cell research Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated number of base-pair compounds forming the DNA double-helix structures in the human genome?

2.8 billion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the epigenome in gene regulation?

It regulates gene expression and silencing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of stem cell research in relation to psychiatric disorders?

Understanding brain cell behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of genetic errors?

Abnormal bodily structures and functions Signup and view all the answers

What has epigenetics research provided scientists with regarding human diseases and disorders?

A significant reinterpretation of the interplay between genes and the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of myelin sheath in a neuron?

To insulate the axon and facilitate transmission of neural impulses Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neurotransmitters in synaptic transmission?

Induce chemical changes in receiving neurons Signup and view all the answers

What is the junction between a transmitting neuron and a receiving neuron called?

Synapse Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of synaptic vesicles in synaptic transmission?

Release neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft Signup and view all the answers

What role do neurotransmitters play in mental health problems?

Excesses and deficiencies linked to various mental health disorders Signup and view all the answers

What are the two major parts of the nervous system?

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the peripheral nervous system?

Receive and transmit sensory messages, and transmit messages to muscles and glands Signup and view all the answers

What does the peripheral nervous system transmit to the muscles and glands?

Messages causing muscles to contract and glands to secrete hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the central nervous system?

Responsible for controlling bodily functions and performing higher mental functions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Defining Abnormal Behavior and Cultural Variations

Norms in different societies define acceptable behavior, with what is normal in one culture being abnormal in another.
Social norms reflect cultural standards, not universal truths, leading to variations in what is considered normal.
Anxiety is considered abnormal when excessive or inappropriate, such as experiencing it when boarding an elevator.
Clinicians need to consider cultural differences when determining what is normal and abnormal.
Social norms tend to label nonconformists as mentally disturbed, influencing perceptions of reality.
Personal distress caused by emotions like anxiety and depression may be considered abnormal if prolonged or intense.
Deviation from acceptable standards of conduct or social norms is a criterion for abnormal behavior.
Maladaptive or self-defeating behavior that limits fulfillment or functioning may be regarded as abnormal.
Dangerous behavior to oneself or others is considered abnormal, with social context being crucial in evaluation.
Homosexuality was previously classified as a mental disorder, but is not considered abnormal by the psychiatric profession today.
Perception of reality, such as seeing or hearing things that are not present, is considered abnormal in Canadian culture.
Behavior that impairs health, social, or occupational functioning, like heavy alcohol consumption, may be viewed as abnormal.

Genetics, Epigenetics, and Stem Cells in Understanding Human Diseases

The human genome consists of all the genetic material encoded in the DNA located in the nucleus of cells, with an estimated 2.8 billion base-pair compounds forming the DNA double-helix structures.
The genome is made up of chromosomes segmented into genes, wrapped around histones, and with epigenetic markers that regulate gene expression or silencing.
Most genes contain instructions for combining 20 standard amino acids to build a wide array of proteins, essential for bodily structures and functions.
Genetic errors occur when the number or order of DNA base pairs is wrong, leading to abnormal bodily structures and functions.
Epigenetics research has revealed the vital role of the epigenome in gene regulation through gene expression and silencing, influencing cell differentiation and specialized cell types.
The epigenome regulates gene activation patterns, causing "brain" genes to be active in brain cells but silenced in muscle cells, and vice versa.
Epigenetics research is at the forefront of investigating the role in the origin and course of psychological disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer’s disease, and eating disorders.
Epigenetics has provided scientists with a significant reinterpretation of the interplay between genes and the environment, potentially revolutionizing the theory and treatment of human diseases and disorders.
Stem cell research has opened up new avenues for studying the development and treatment of conditions such as schizophrenia, autism, and bipolar disorder.
Stem cells can be artificially grown and transformed into specialized cell types, allowing for the study of living human brain cells in action, providing insight into psychiatric disorders.
Researchers have used stem cells to gain insight into diseases such as sickle-cell anemia and heart arrhythmias, and have grown stem cells into neurons to study schizophrenia at the cellular level.
The disease-in-a-dish strategy has allowed researchers to gain insight into various conditions, providing a promising new approach to the study and treatment of diseases.

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Test your knowledge of abnormal behavior and mental disorders with this quiz. Explore the factors that contribute to abnormal behavior and gain insight into the different approaches to treatment.