AAP Classification of Periodontal Diseases Flashcards

AAP Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions

• Type I: Plaque-induced gingival diseases, primarily related to the buildup of dental plaque.
• Type II: Chronic periodontitis, characterized by inflammation and progressive attachment loss.
• Type III: Aggressive periodontitis, a severe form often seen in younger individuals with rapid attachment loss.
• Type IV: Periodontitis as a manifestation of systemic disease, indicating that systemic health issues impact periodontal health.
• Type V: Necrotizing periodontal disease, featuring ulceration and necrosis of the periodontal tissues.
• Type VI: Abscesses of the periodontium, involving localized infections within periodontal tissues.
• Type VII: Periodontitis associated with endodontic lesions, where periodontal health is affected by dental pulp inflammation.
• Type VIII: Developmental or acquired deformities and conditions impacting periodontal structures.

Plaque Induced Gingival Diseases

• Plaque-induced gingivitis can be influenced by systemic factors, medications, and malnutrition.
• Systemic factors include hormonal changes linked to puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and conditions like diabetes.
• Medications can lead to drug-induced gingival enlargements or influence gingivitis, such as those associated with oral contraceptives.
• Malnutrition-related gingival diseases include scurvy, stemming from vitamin C deficiency.

Non-Plaque Induced Gingival Lesions

• These lesions arise from specific bacterial, viral, or fungal origins, as well as genetic factors or systemic conditions.
• Bacterial-origin diseases include lesions associated with Neisseria gonorrhea, Treponema pallidum, and Streptococcal species.
• Viral-origin lesions primarily result from herpes infections.
• Fungal-origin diseases involve Candida species and conditions like histoplasmosis.

Gingival Manifestations of Systemic Conditions

• Mucocutaneous disorders linked to systemic conditions include lichen planus, pemphigoids, erythema multiforme, and lupus erythematosus.
• Allergic reactions from dental materials (e.g., mercury, nickel) or products (toothpaste, mouthwash) can also cause gingival issues.

Trauma and Foreign Body Reactions

• Traumatic lesions may arise from chemical, physical, or thermal injuries.
• Foreign body reactions occur when the body responds to foreign materials located within the gums.

Chronic Periodontitis Classification

• Type II localized chronic periodontitis occurs when 30% or fewer sites exhibit attachment and bone loss.
• Type II generalized chronic periodontitis is indicated by attachment and bone loss at more than 30% of sites.
• Type II mild chronic periodontitis is characterized by a clinical attachment loss of 1 to 2 mm.